Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W315811272', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0378-5_24', 'title': 'Optimization of Electrofusion for the Formation and Culture of Protoplast Heterokaryons', 'display_name': 'Optimization of Electrofusion for the Formation and Culture of Protoplast Heterokaryons', 'publication_year': 1985, 'publication_date': '1985-01-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W315811272', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0378-5_24', 'mag': '315811272'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0378-5_24', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306463937', 'display_name': 'Springer eBooks', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319965', 'host_organization_name': 'Springer Nature', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319965'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Springer Nature'], 'type': 'ebook platform'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'book-chapter', 'type_crossref': 'book-chapter', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5089874505', 'display_name': 'George W. Bates', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I103163165', 'display_name': 'Florida State University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05g3dte14', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I103163165']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'George W. Bates', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Biological Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Biological Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I103163165']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5089874505'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I103163165'], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.0, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 0, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.0, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 0, 'max': 54}, 'biblio': {'volume': None, 'issue': None, 'first_page': '304', 'last_page': '305'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10240', 'display_name': 'Elicitor Signal Transduction for Metabolite Production', 'score': 0.9912, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10240', 'display_name': 'Elicitor Signal Transduction for Metabolite Production', 'score': 0.9912, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12976', 'display_name': 'Influence of Magnetic Fields on Biological Systems', 'score': 0.9743, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1314', 'display_name': 'Physiology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12813', 'display_name': 'Plant Signaling and Communication Mechanisms', 'score': 0.9609, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1110', 'display_name': 'Plant Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/11', 'display_name': 'Agricultural and Biological Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/electrofusion', 'display_name': 'Electrofusion', 'score': 0.99504787}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/protoplast', 'display_name': 'Protoplast', 'score': 0.9944581}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/heterokaryon', 'display_name': 'Heterokaryon', 'score': 0.8987192}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-fusion', 'display_name': 'Cell fusion', 'score': 0.47891223}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/neurobiology-in-plants', 'display_name': 'Neurobiology in Plants', 'score': 0.467716}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/suspension-culture', 'display_name': 'Suspension culture', 'score': 0.46655008}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/somatic-fusion', 'display_name': 'Somatic fusion', 'score': 0.4644428}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776609970', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5358019', 'display_name': 'Electrofusion', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.99504787}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C173749725', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1126500', 'display_name': 'Protoplast', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.9944581}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C74078972', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441313', 'display_name': 'Heterokaryon', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.8987192}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781205006', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181095', 'display_name': 'Nicotiana tabacum', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.51094145}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.49628454}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C92488253', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56592403', 'display_name': 'Cell fusion', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.47891223}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2993787908', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189111', 'display_name': 'Suspension culture', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.46655008}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C55698264', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414280', 'display_name': 'Somatic fusion', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.4644428}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C59822182', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441', 'display_name': 'Botany', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.4341935}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C81885089', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189082', 'display_name': 'Cell culture', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.29939216}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C134305767', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725508', 'display_name': 'Somatic cell', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.2280561}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C54355233', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162', 'display_name': 'Genetics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.1444101}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C192562407', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736', 'display_name': 'Materials science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.11366776}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C104317684', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187', 'display_name': 'Gene', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C143065580', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3285695', 'display_name': 'Mutant', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C191897082', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467', 'display_name': 'Metallurgy', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0378-5_24', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306463937', 'display_name': 'Springer eBooks', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319965', 'host_organization_name': 'Springer Nature', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319965'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Springer Nature'], 'type': 'ebook platform'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2', 'score': 0.52, 'display_name': 'Zero hunger'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 0, 'referenced_works': [], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W3142890143', 'https://openalex.org/W2427486177', 'https://openalex.org/W2396620632', 'https://openalex.org/W2347858190', 'https://openalex.org/W2246204325', 'https://openalex.org/W2080850115', 'https://openalex.org/W2058496815', 'https://openalex.org/W2051386597', 'https://openalex.org/W1997327716', 'https://openalex.org/W1990035955'], 'abstract_inverted_index': None, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W315811272', 'counts_by_year': [], 'updated_date': '2024-09-25T12:34:03.001575', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}