Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2735499363', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.2131/jts.42.461', 'title': 'Ephedrine-induced mitophagy via oxidative stress in human hepatic stellate cells', 'display_name': 'Ephedrine-induced mitophagy via oxidative stress in human hepatic stellate cells', 'publication_year': 2017, 'publication_date': '2017-01-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2735499363', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.2131/jts.42.461', 'mag': '2735499363', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28717105'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.2131/jts.42.461', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jts/42/4/42_461/_pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S148595626', 'display_name': 'The Journal of Toxicological Sciences', 'issn_l': '0388-1350', 'issn': ['0388-1350', '1880-3989'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4322697822', 'host_organization_name': 'Japanese Society of Toxicological Sciences', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4322697822'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Japanese Society of Toxicological Sciences'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'gold', 'oa_url': 'https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jts/42/4/42_461/_pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5051156041', 'display_name': 'Ah Young Lee', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3489-7798'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I139264467', 'display_name': 'Seoul National University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04h9pn542', 'country_code': 'KR', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I139264467']}], 'countries': ['KR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Ah Young Lee', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Laboratory of Toxicology, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Korea'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Laboratory of Toxicology, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Korea', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I139264467']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5005745776', 'display_name': 'Yoonjeong Jang', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1922-9246'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I139264467', 'display_name': 'Seoul National University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04h9pn542', 'country_code': 'KR', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I139264467']}], 'countries': ['KR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Yoonjeong Jang', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Laboratory of Toxicology, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Korea'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Laboratory of Toxicology, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Korea', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I139264467']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5100905226', 'display_name': 'Seong‐Ho Hong', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I139264467', 'display_name': 'Seoul National University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04h9pn542', 'country_code': 'KR', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I139264467']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210162961', 'display_name': 'Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05cc1v231', 'country_code': 'KR', 'type': 'other', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210162961']}], 'countries': ['KR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Seong-Ho Hong', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Laboratory of Toxicology, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Korea', 'Present address: New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Korea'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Laboratory of Toxicology, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Korea', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I139264467']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Present address: New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Korea', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210162961']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5018347257', 'display_name': 'Simyung Chang', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9105-2292'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I139264467', 'display_name': 'Seoul National University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04h9pn542', 'country_code': 'KR', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I139264467']}], 'countries': ['KR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Seung-Hee Chang', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Laboratory of Toxicology, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Korea'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Laboratory of Toxicology, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Korea', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I139264467']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5100323608', 'display_name': 'Sung Jin Park', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5801-5537'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I196345858', 'display_name': 'Chungnam National University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0227as991', 'country_code': 'KR', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I196345858']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I139264467', 'display_name': 'Seoul National University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04h9pn542', 'country_code': 'KR', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I139264467']}], 'countries': ['KR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Sungjin Park', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Laboratory of Toxicology, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Korea', 'Present address: Department of Pharmacology and Medical Science, Metabolic Diseases and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Research Institute for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Korea'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Present address: Department of Pharmacology and Medical Science, Metabolic Diseases and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Research Institute for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Korea', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I196345858']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Laboratory of Toxicology, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Korea', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I139264467']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5028076324', 'display_name': 'Sanghwa Kim', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7124-4692'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I139264467', 'display_name': 'Seoul National University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04h9pn542', 'country_code': 'KR', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I139264467']}], 'countries': ['KR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Sanghwa Kim', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Graduate Group of Tumor Biology, Seoul National University, Korea', 'Laboratory of Toxicology, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Korea'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Laboratory of Toxicology, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Korea', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I139264467']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Graduate Group of Tumor Biology, Seoul National University, Korea', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I139264467']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5013654282', 'display_name': 'Kyung‐Sun Kang', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9322-741X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I139264467', 'display_name': 'Seoul National University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04h9pn542', 'country_code': 'KR', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I139264467']}], 'countries': ['KR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Kyung-Sun Kang', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Adult Stem Cell Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Korea'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Adult Stem Cell Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Korea', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I139264467']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5100412989', 'display_name': 'Ji‐Eun Kim', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3643-2177'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I139264467', 'display_name': 'Seoul National University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04h9pn542', 'country_code': 'KR', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I139264467']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2801317318', 'display_name': 'Hospital for Sick Children', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/057q4rt57', 'country_code': 'CA', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2801317318']}], 'countries': ['CA', 'KR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Ji-Eun Kim', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Laboratory of Toxicology, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Korea', 'Present address: Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Canada'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Laboratory of Toxicology, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Korea', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I139264467']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Present address: Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Canada', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2801317318']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5075453290', 'display_name': 'Myung‐Haing Cho', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3993-2011'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I139264467', 'display_name': 'Seoul National University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04h9pn542', 'country_code': 'KR', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I139264467']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I118373667', 'display_name': 'Seoul National University of Science and Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00chfja07', 'country_code': 'KR', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I118373667']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210120602', 'display_name': 'Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01w62yz22', 'country_code': 'KR', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I139264467', 'https://openalex.org/I4210120602']}], 'countries': ['KR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Myung-Haing Cho', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Korea', 'Graduate Group of Tumor Biology, Seoul National University, Korea', 'Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Korea', 'Institute of GreenBio Science Technology, Seoul National University, Korea', 'Laboratory of Toxicology, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Korea'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Laboratory of Toxicology, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Korea', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I139264467']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Institute of GreenBio Science Technology, Seoul National University, Korea', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I139264467']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Korea', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I118373667']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Graduate Group of Tumor Biology, Seoul National University, Korea', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I139264467']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Korea', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210120602', 'https://openalex.org/I139264467']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 2, 'institutions_distinct_count': 6, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 2.785, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 24, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.81651, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 92, 'max': 93}, 'biblio': {'volume': '42', 'issue': '4', 'first_page': '461', 'last_page': '473'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10587', 'display_name': 'Role of Autophagy in Disease and Health', 'score': 0.9996, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2713', 'display_name': 'Epidemiology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10587', 'display_name': 'Role of Autophagy in Disease and Health', 'score': 0.9996, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2713', 'display_name': 'Epidemiology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12533', 'display_name': 'Cellular Response to Osmotic Stress and Metabolism', 'score': 0.9913, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1307', 'display_name': 'Cell Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11051', 'display_name': 'Role of Sirtuins in Health and Aging', 'score': 0.9908, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2717', 'display_name': 'Geriatrics and Gerontology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/mitochondrial-function', 'display_name': 'Mitochondrial Function', 'score': 0.468147}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778984665', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219626', 'display_name': 'Ephedrine', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.8814999}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776151105', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898814', 'display_name': 'Oxidative stress', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7508571}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C98274493', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406', 'display_name': 'Pharmacology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.62872666}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.480981}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C28859421', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39572', 'display_name': 'Mitochondrion', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4726262}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779324830', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1806192', 'display_name': 'Mitophagy', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.46023703}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C203522944', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288322', 'display_name': 'Autophagy', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.3156101}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.3008802}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C55493867', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.275433}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C190283241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14599311', 'display_name': 'Apoptosis', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.17413157}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D056486', 'descriptor_name': 'Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000209', 'qualifier_name': 'etiology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004809', 'descriptor_name': 'Ephedrine', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000633', 'qualifier_name': 'toxicity', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D055166', 'descriptor_name': 'Hepatic Stellate Cells', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000187', 'qualifier_name': 'drug effects', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008930', 'descriptor_name': 'Mitochondria, Liver', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008930', 'descriptor_name': 'Mitochondria, Liver', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000187', 'qualifier_name': 'drug effects', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D063306', 'descriptor_name': 'Mitophagy', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000187', 'qualifier_name': 'drug effects', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D018384', 'descriptor_name': 'Oxidative Stress', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000187', 'qualifier_name': 'drug effects', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000975', 'descriptor_name': 'Antioxidants', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000975', 'descriptor_name': 'Antioxidants', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000627', 'qualifier_name': 'therapeutic use', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001343', 'descriptor_name': 'Autophagy', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016923', 'descriptor_name': 'Cell Death', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002478', 'descriptor_name': 'Cells, Cultured', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D056486', 'descriptor_name': 'Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D056486', 'descriptor_name': 'Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000628', 'qualifier_name': 'therapy', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D029790', 'descriptor_name': 'Ephedra sinica', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D029790', 'descriptor_name': 'Ephedra sinica', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000737', 'qualifier_name': 'chemistry', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004809', 'descriptor_name': 'Ephedrine', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004809', 'descriptor_name': 'Ephedrine', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000302', 'qualifier_name': 'isolation & purification', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D018628', 'descriptor_name': 'Gene Dosage', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D018628', 'descriptor_name': 'Gene Dosage', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000187', 'qualifier_name': 'drug effects', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D055166', 'descriptor_name': 'Hepatic Stellate Cells', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008247', 'descriptor_name': 'Lysosomes', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008247', 'descriptor_name': 'Lysosomes', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000187', 'qualifier_name': 'drug effects', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008930', 'descriptor_name': 'Mitochondria, Liver', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000473', 'qualifier_name': 'pathology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008930', 'descriptor_name': 'Mitochondria, Liver', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008930', 'descriptor_name': 'Mitochondria, Liver', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000235', 'qualifier_name': 'genetics', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008933', 'descriptor_name': 'Mitochondrial Swelling', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008933', 'descriptor_name': 'Mitochondrial Swelling', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000187', 'qualifier_name': 'drug effects', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D063306', 'descriptor_name': 'Mitophagy', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D058990', 'descriptor_name': 'Molecular Targeted Therapy', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001678', 'descriptor_name': 'Organelle Biogenesis', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D018384', 'descriptor_name': 'Oxidative Stress', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D034741', 'descriptor_name': 'RNA, Small Interfering', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000187', 'qualifier_name': 'drug effects', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D034741', 'descriptor_name': 'RNA, Small Interfering', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D044767', 'descriptor_name': 'Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D044767', 'descriptor_name': 'Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000235', 'qualifier_name': 'genetics', 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.2131/jts.42.461', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jts/42/4/42_461/_pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S148595626', 'display_name': 'The Journal of Toxicological Sciences', 'issn_l': '0388-1350', 'issn': ['0388-1350', '1880-3989'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4322697822', 'host_organization_name': 'Japanese Society of Toxicological Sciences', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4322697822'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Japanese Society of Toxicological Sciences'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28717105', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.2131/jts.42.461', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jts/42/4/42_461/_pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S148595626', 'display_name': 'The Journal of Toxicological Sciences', 'issn_l': '0388-1350', 'issn': ['0388-1350', '1880-3989'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4322697822', 'host_organization_name': 'Japanese Society of Toxicological Sciences', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4322697822'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Japanese Society of Toxicological Sciences'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Good health and well-being', 'score': 0.84, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 30, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1489880195', 'https://openalex.org/W1765783918', 'https://openalex.org/W1802688544', 'https://openalex.org/W1853148353', 'https://openalex.org/W1920447776', 'https://openalex.org/W1946982336', 'https://openalex.org/W1977825026', 'https://openalex.org/W2020722847', 'https://openalex.org/W2030920368', 'https://openalex.org/W2044729830', 'https://openalex.org/W2048787673', 'https://openalex.org/W2056855914', 'https://openalex.org/W2059150576', 'https://openalex.org/W2063993934', 'https://openalex.org/W2070118415', 'https://openalex.org/W2081826742', 'https://openalex.org/W2082425146', 'https://openalex.org/W2115712850', 'https://openalex.org/W2117339132', 'https://openalex.org/W2157583412', 'https://openalex.org/W2168072934', 'https://openalex.org/W2172786635', 'https://openalex.org/W2179500947', 'https://openalex.org/W2180815886', 'https://openalex.org/W2194868072', 'https://openalex.org/W2266967207', 'https://openalex.org/W2309275529', 'https://openalex.org/W2324287117', 'https://openalex.org/W2349394468', 'https://openalex.org/W2752326209'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4206638138', 'https://openalex.org/W2502867499', 'https://openalex.org/W2186166692', 'https://openalex.org/W2172786635', 'https://openalex.org/W2092699248', 'https://openalex.org/W2052778323', 'https://openalex.org/W2035756758', 'https://openalex.org/W1979796567', 'https://openalex.org/W1976391651', 'https://openalex.org/W1967888239'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'The': [0], 'herb': [1], 'Ephedra': [2], 'sinica': [3], '(also': [4], 'known': [5], 'as': [6, 24, 150], 'Chinese': [7, 15], 'ephedra': [8], 'or': [9], 'Ma': [10], 'Huang),': [11], 'used': [12], 'in': [13, 39, 92, 109], 'traditional': [14], 'medicine,': [16], 'contains': [17], 'alkaloids': [18], 'identical': [19], 'to': [20, 61, 134], 'ephedrine': [21, 34, 78], 'and': [22, 42, 87, 101, 105, 117, 144], 'pseudoephedrine': [23], 'its': [25], 'principal': [26], 'active': [27, 54], 'constituents.': [28], 'Recent': [29], 'studies': [30, 66], 'have': [31], 'reported': [32, 60, 67], 'that': [33], 'has': [35, 58], 'various': [36], 'side': [37], 'effects': [38], 'the': [40, 71, 118, 127], 'cardiovascular': [41], 'nervous': [43], 'systems.': [44], 'In': [45, 81], 'addition,': [46], 'herbal': [47], 'Ephedra,': [48], 'a': [49], 'plant': [50], 'containing': [51], 'many': [52], 'pharmacologically': [53], 'alkaloids,': [55], 'principally': [56], 'ephedrine,': [57], 'been': [59], 'cause': [62], 'acute': [63], 'hepatitis.': [64], 'Many': [65], 'clinical': [68], 'cases,': [69], 'however,': [70], 'cellular': [72], 'mechanism': [73], 'of': [74, 90, 139], 'liver': [75], 'toxicity': [76], 'by': [77], 'remains': [79], 'unknown.': [80], 'this': [82], 'study,': [83], 'we': [84], 'investigated': [85], 'hepatotoxicity': [86], 'key': [88], 'regulation': [89], 'mitophagy': [91, 132], 'ephedrine-treated': [93, 110], 'LX-2': [94], 'cells.': [95, 111], 'Ephedrine': [96, 112], 'triggered': [97], 'mitochondrial': [98, 115, 119, 129], 'oxidative': [99], 'stress': [100], 'depolarization.': [102], 'Mitochondrial': [103], 'swelling': [104], 'autolysosome': [106], 'were': [107], 'observed': [108], 'also': [113], 'inhibited': [114], 'biogenesis,': [116], 'copy': [120], 'number': [121], 'was': [122], 'decreased.': [123], 'Parkin': [124, 146], 'siRNA': [125], 'recovered': [126], 'ephedrine-induced': [128, 154], 'damage.': [130], 'Excessive': [131], 'lead': [133], 'cell': [135], 'death': [136], 'through': [137], 'imbalance': [138], 'autophagic': [140], 'flux.': [141], 'Moreover,': [142], 'antioxidants': [143], 'reducing': [145], 'level': [147], 'could': [148], 'serve': [149], 'therapeutic': [151], 'targets': [152], 'for': [153], 'hepatotoxicity.': [155]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2735499363', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 3}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-26T05:03:54.141513', 'created_date': '2017-07-21'}