Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2402602414', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmp1007051', 'title': 'Traumatic Brain Injury — Football, Warfare, and Long-Term Effects', 'display_name': 'Traumatic Brain Injury — Football, Warfare, and Long-Term Effects', 'publication_year': 2010, 'publication_date': '2010-09-29', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2402602414', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmp1007051', 'mag': '2402602414', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20879875'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmp1007051', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S62468778', 'display_name': 'New England Journal of Medicine', 'issn_l': '0028-4793', 'issn': ['0028-4793', '1533-4406'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320239', 'host_organization_name': 'Massachusetts Medical Society', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320239'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Massachusetts Medical Society'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5084618289', 'display_name': 'Steven T. DeKosky', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3743-2758'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I170201317', 'display_name': 'University of Pittsburgh', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01an3r305', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I170201317']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I51556381', 'display_name': 'University of Virginia', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0153tk833', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I51556381']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Steven T. DeKosky', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Office of the Dean and the Department of Neurology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, the Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Office of the Dean and the Department of Neurology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, the Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I170201317', 'https://openalex.org/I51556381']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5021171640', 'display_name': 'Miloš D. Ikonomović', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8745-3293'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210133905', 'display_name': 'VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02qm18h86', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1322918889', 'https://openalex.org/I2799886695', 'https://openalex.org/I4210133905', 'https://openalex.org/I4210147340']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Milos D. Ikonomovic', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System — both in Pittsburgh'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System — both in Pittsburgh', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210133905']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5103144641', 'display_name': 'Sam Gandy', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6455-4721'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210116369', 'display_name': 'James J. Peters VA Medical Center', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02c8hpe74', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1322918889', 'https://openalex.org/I2799886695', 'https://openalex.org/I4210094901', 'https://openalex.org/I4210116369']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I98704320', 'display_name': 'Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04a9tmd77', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1320796813', 'https://openalex.org/I98704320']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Sam Gandy', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ["Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry and the Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine and the James J. Peters VA Medical Center — both in New York"], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': "Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry and the Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine and the James J. Peters VA Medical Center — both in New York", 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210116369', 'https://openalex.org/I98704320']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 5, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 20.679, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 312, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999967, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '363', 'issue': '14', 'first_page': '1293', 'last_page': '1296'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10416', 'display_name': 'Epidemiology and Impact of Traumatic Brain Injury', 'score': 0.9995, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2713', 'display_name': 'Epidemiology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10416', 'display_name': 'Epidemiology and Impact of Traumatic Brain Injury', 'score': 0.9995, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2713', 'display_name': 'Epidemiology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10706', 'display_name': 'Management and Pathophysiology of Traumatic Brain Injury', 'score': 0.9995, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2728', 'display_name': 'Neurology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11467', 'display_name': 'Impact of Trauma Care Systems on Mortality', 'score': 0.9883, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2711', 'display_name': 'Emergency Medicine'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/injury-severity', 'display_name': 'Injury Severity', 'score': 0.545562}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/concussion', 'display_name': 'Concussion', 'score': 0.508496}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/sports-related', 'display_name': 'Sports-related', 'score': 0.507299}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/american-football', 'display_name': 'American football', 'score': 0.4761455}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.79630715}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778426673', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q326921', 'display_name': 'Concussion', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.78615713}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778444522', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1081491', 'display_name': 'Football', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7585115}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C207456731', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660818', 'display_name': 'League', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.72860783}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781017439', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1995526', 'display_name': 'Traumatic brain injury', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6843081}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C190385971', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373494', 'display_name': 'Injury prevention', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.665144}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C3017944768', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463', 'display_name': 'Poison control', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.62491405}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C187155963', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629029', 'display_name': 'Occupational safety and health', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6187806}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C526869908', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3298118', 'display_name': 'Suicide prevention', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5718051}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C166735990', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1750812', 'display_name': 'Human factors and ergonomics', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5051225}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C3020114046', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41323', 'display_name': 'American football', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.4761455}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C545542383', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242', 'display_name': 'Medical emergency', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.44352934}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C99508421', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675', 'display_name': 'Physical medicine and rehabilitation', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.37046337}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C1862650', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005', 'display_name': 'Physical therapy', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.34962773}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C118552586', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867', 'display_name': 'Psychiatry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.19719416}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C142724271', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208', 'display_name': 'Pathology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0812484}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17744445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442', 'display_name': 'Political science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199539241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748', 'display_name': 'Law', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C1276947', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333', 'display_name': 'Astronomy', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D001921', 'descriptor_name': 'Brain', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000473', 'qualifier_name': 'pathology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001930', 'descriptor_name': 'Brain Injuries', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000473', 'qualifier_name': 'pathology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005538', 'descriptor_name': 'Football', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000293', 'qualifier_name': 'injuries', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016229', 'descriptor_name': 'Amyloid beta-Peptides', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016229', 'descriptor_name': 'Amyloid beta-Peptides', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001921', 'descriptor_name': 'Brain', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001924', 'descriptor_name': 'Brain Concussion', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000150', 'qualifier_name': 'complications', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001924', 'descriptor_name': 'Brain Concussion', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000473', 'qualifier_name': 'pathology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001924', 'descriptor_name': 'Brain Concussion', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001930', 'descriptor_name': 'Brain Injuries', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001930', 'descriptor_name': 'Brain Injuries', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000150', 'qualifier_name': 'complications', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001930', 'descriptor_name': 'Brain Injuries', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D020208', 'descriptor_name': 'Brain Injury, Chronic', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000150', 'qualifier_name': 'complications', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D020208', 'descriptor_name': 'Brain Injury, Chronic', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000473', 'qualifier_name': 'pathology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D020208', 'descriptor_name': 'Brain Injury, Chronic', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003704', 'descriptor_name': 'Dementia', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000209', 'qualifier_name': 'etiology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003704', 'descriptor_name': 'Dementia', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005538', 'descriptor_name': 'Football', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009422', 'descriptor_name': 'Nervous System Diseases', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000209', 'qualifier_name': 'etiology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009422', 'descriptor_name': 'Nervous System Diseases', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D024801', 'descriptor_name': 'Tauopathies', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000209', 'qualifier_name': 'etiology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D024801', 'descriptor_name': 'Tauopathies', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014857', 'descriptor_name': 'Warfare', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016875', 'descriptor_name': 'tau Proteins', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016875', 'descriptor_name': 'tau Proteins', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmp1007051', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S62468778', 'display_name': 'New England Journal of Medicine', 'issn_l': '0028-4793', 'issn': ['0028-4793', '1533-4406'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320239', 'host_organization_name': 'Massachusetts Medical Society', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320239'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Massachusetts Medical Society'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20879875', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3', 'display_name': 'Good health and well-being', 'score': 0.78}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 5, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1989349429', 'https://openalex.org/W2011949052', 'https://openalex.org/W2023229364', 'https://openalex.org/W4244977113', 'https://openalex.org/W4253308936'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W72114162', 'https://openalex.org/W596417597', 'https://openalex.org/W3147676070', 'https://openalex.org/W2372215460', 'https://openalex.org/W2361814984', 'https://openalex.org/W2353353369', 'https://openalex.org/W2187395707', 'https://openalex.org/W2073857110', 'https://openalex.org/W1971660097', 'https://openalex.org/W1598029824'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'In': [0], 'late': [1], 'July,': [2], 'the': [3, 30, 43, 46, 66], 'National': [4], 'Football': [5], 'League': [6], 'introduced': [7], 'a': [8], 'new': [9], 'poster': [10], 'to': [11, 73], 'be': [12], 'hung': [13], 'in': [14, 54], 'league': [15], 'locker': [16], 'rooms,': [17], 'warning': [18], 'players': [19], 'of': [20, 25, 29, 33, 45, 50, 68], 'possible': [21], 'long-term': [22], 'health': [23], 'effects': [24], 'concussions.': [26], 'Public': [27], 'awareness': [28], 'pathological': [31], 'consequences': [32], 'traumatic': [34, 94], 'brain': [35, 95], 'injury': [36], 'has': [37], 'been': [38], 'elevated': [39], 'not': [40], 'only': [41], 'by': [42, 65, 79], 'recognition': [44], 'potential': [47], 'clinical': [48], 'significance': [49], 'repetitive': [51], 'head': [52], 'injuries': [53, 96], 'such': [55], 'high-contact': [56], 'sports': [57], 'as': [58], 'American': [59], 'football': [60], 'and': [61, 71, 78], 'boxing,': [62], 'but': [63], 'also': [64], 'prevalence': [67], 'vehicular': [69], 'crashes': [70], 'efforts': [72], 'improve': [74], 'passenger': [75], 'safety': [76], 'features,': [77], 'modern': [80], 'warfare,': [81], 'especially': [82], 'blast': [83], 'injuries.': [84], 'Each': [85], 'year,': [86], 'more': [87], 'than': [88], '1.5': [89], 'million': [90], 'Americans': [91], 'sustain': [92], 'mild': [93], 'with': [97], 'no': [98], 'loss': [99], '.': [100, 101, 102]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2402602414', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 21}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 16}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 30}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 21}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 24}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 21}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 26}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 35}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 37}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 34}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-26T06:23:33.640396', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}