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[391], 'Histological': [392], 'parameters': [393], 'examined': [394], 'presence': [397, 415, 769, 797, 823], 'type': [399, 407], 'epithelium': [401, 538, 672, 827, 852], 'fistulous': [404, 621, 674, 1830], 'tract,': [405], 'response,': [411], 'granuloma': [412], 'formation,': [413], 'body.': [419], 'Organisms': [420], 'specifically': [421], 'looked': [422], 'were:': [424], 'acid-fast': [425], 'bacilli,': [426], 'fungi,': [427, 655], 'Schistosoma': [428, 659, 1110, 1126], 'ova,': [429], 'Leishmania': [431, 656], 'organisms.': [432], 'No': [433, 654], 'attempt': [434], 'made': [436], 'quantitate': [438], 'histological': [440, 638, 683], 'features,': [441], 'although': [442, 1295], 'their': [443], 'interrelationships': [444], 'possible': [446], 'relationship': [447], 'observed.RESULTSA': [451], 'total': [452], '248': [454], 'laboratory': [461], 'during': [462], 'period.': [465], 'Nineteen': [466], 'adjudged': [469], 'unrepresentative': [470], 'excluded': [472], 'further': [474], 'Table': [476, 633, 1235], '1': [477, 514, 1266, 1274], 'summarizes': [478, 635], 'distribution': [481, 1288], 'remaining': [484, 968], 'shows': [489, 612], 'peak': [491], 'incidence': [492, 518, 1065, 1767], 'fourth': [495, 1182], 'decade.': [496], 'There': [497], '209': [499], '(91.3%)': [500], 'males': [501, 512, 1264], 'versus': [502], '20': [503], '(8.7%)': [504], 'females,': [505], 'yielding': [506], 'ratio': [509, 1239, 1270], '10.5': [511, 1272], 'female.Table': [515], '1.': [516, 1236], 'Age': [517], 'fistula-in-ano.Partial': [523], 'or': [524, 658, 787, 912, 1122, 1154], 'complete': [525], 'epithelial': [526, 564, 590, 618, 904, 924], 'tract': [530], 'observed': [532], '(21.8%).': [536], 'Columnar': [537], 'similar': [539, 1047], 'common': [549, 1031, 1155], '(Table': [550], '2),': [551], 'indicating': [552], 'involvement': [554, 841, 1127], 'formation': [560, 848], 'FIA.': [562, 850, 1013], 'Squamous': [563, 851], 'lining,': [565], 'combination': [567], 'columnar,': [569], 'found': [571, 1060], 'depths': [574, 855], '(20%).': [583], 'Five': [584], 'decade': [596], 'life.': [598], 'As': [599], '4%': [601], 'much': [614], 'higher': [615, 893], 'frequency': [616], 'tracts': [622, 675, 830], 'group': [626], '(5/9),': [627], 'compared': [628], 'groups.': [632], '3': [634, 1263], 'important': [637, 1007], 'findings': [639, 1149, 1198, 1281], 'Two': [643], 'showing': [645], 'granulomatous': [646, 971, 986, 1019], 'inflammation': [647, 839, 914], 'caseation': [649], 'diagnosed': [651], 'tuberculous.': [653], 'organisms,': [657], 'ova': [660, 1121], 'identified': [662, 944], 'any': [664, 1106, 1142], 'tissues': [667], 'studied.Table': [668], '2.': [669], 'Types': [670], 'fistula-in-ano.Table': [680], '3.': [681], 'Other': [682], 'features': [684], 'patients.DISCUSSIONNone': [689], 'pathogenetic': [693], 'mechanisms': [694], 'suggested': [697], 'workers': [700], 'able': [703], 'explain': [705], 'types': [707], 'fistulae[12].': [709], 'However,': [710, 982, 1099, 1268], 'generally': [712], 'accepted': [713], 'view': [714], 'due': [720, 860, 978, 1089], 'intersphincteric': [723], 'abscess': [724, 789, 800, 817, 1626, 1645], 'originating': [725], 'duct[3,13,14].': [729], 'reported': [731, 803, 1050, 1251], 'fistulae[15]': [740], 'confirmed': [742], 'Thus,': [746], 'we': [747], 'demonstrated': [749, 965, 1104, 1131], 'granulation': [750], 'surrounding': [753], 'scar': [754], '213': [757], '221': [759], 'cases,': [760, 775, 947, 1017], 'respectively,': [761], 'emphasizing': [762, 1185], 'chronicity': [764], 'disease.': [767], 'polymorphonuclear': [771], 'leukocytes': [772], '116': [774], 'however,': [776], 'indicates': [777], 'continued': [778], 'activity': [779], 'process,': [783], 'frank': [785], 'suppuration': [786], '13': [794], 'workers[16],': [808], 'leading': [809], 'conclusion': [812], 'some': [814], 'antecedent': [820], 'FIA[2,13,17].The': [822], 'gland': [826], '(21.8%)': [834], 'areas': [836], 'intense': [838], 'confirms': [840, 1243], 'be': [859, 919, 964, 977, 994, 1005, 1160], 'metaplasia': [862], 'usual': [865], 'columnar': [866], 'epithelium.': [867], 'Congenital': [868], 'abnormalities': [869], 'superimposed': [874], 'infection,': [875], 'Parks[3],': [879], 'supported': [881], 'Fitzgerald': [883, 1325], 'et': [884, 1057, 1097, 1425], 'al[1],': [885], 'also': [887, 918, 976, 1203], 'demonstration': [890], 'proportion': [894], 'children': [896], '(5/9)': [902], 'Repeated': [911], 'chronic': [913], 'scarring': [916], 'responsible': [920], 'loss': [922], 'time,': [927], 'hence': [928], 'relative': [930], 'infrequency': [931], 'older': [933], 'groups': [935], 'study.Foreign': [940], 'granulomata': [942], '32': [946], 'six': [949], 'constituted': [950], 'reaction': [952], 'vegetable': [954], 'material': [955, 999], 'intestinal': [957, 980], 'contents.': [958, 981], 'Although': [959, 1028], 'no': [960, 1100, 1120, 1136], 'could': [963], '26,': [969], 'these': [974, 1283], 'causes': [984], 'inflammation,': [987], 'including': [988], 'bowel': [990], 'disease,': [991, 1249], 'cannot': [992], 'always': [993], 'excluded[18,19].': [995], 'Entry': [996], 'fecal': [998], 'into': [1000], 'factor': [1008], 'genesis': [1011], 'In': [1014], 'showed': [1021], 'typical': [1022], 'caseation,': [1023], 'consistent': [1024], 'tuberculous': [1026], 'infection.': [1027], 'tuberculosis': [1029, 1067], 'parts': [1033, 1115], 'Arabia,': [1036, 1118, 1308], 'represents': [1038], '0.9%': [1040], 'studied,': [1044], 'figure': [1046], 'United': [1053], 'Kingdom': [1054], 'Marks': [1056, 1456], 'al[8]': [1058], 'who': [1059, 1255], 'decrease': [1062], 'fistula': [1073], '16%': [1075], 'less': [1077], 'than': [1078], '1%': [1079], 'at': [1080, 1462], 'St.': [1081, 1463], "Mark's": [1082, 1464], '(London)': [1084], '50-year': [1087], 'period.FIA': [1088], 'actinomycosis': [1091, 1723], 'described': [1094], 'Fry': [1096, 1714], 'al[21].': [1098], 'fungal': [1101], 'elements': [1102], 'mansoni': [1111], 'evidence': [1124], 'Similarly,': [1135], 'leishmanial': [1137], 'organisms': [1138], 'studied.': [1146], 'These': [1147], 'negative': [1148], 'suggest': [1150], 'locally': [1152], 'agents': [1157], 'significantly': [1161], 'implicated': [1162], 'process': [1166, 1210], 'FIA.Nearly': [1168], 'two-thirds': [1169], '(64.6%)': [1170], 'study': [1176, 1242, 1291, 1574, 1629, 1746], 'occurred': [1177], 'third': [1180], 'decades,': [1183], 'it': [1187], 'young': [1192], 'adults.': [1193], 'agrees': [1195], 'workers[16,22,23]': [1201], 'supports': [1204], 'suggestion': [1206], 'starts': [1211], 'young,': [1214], 'coming': [1215], 'light': [1217], 'adulthood,': [1220], 'following': [1221, 1773], 'repeated': [1222], 'infections.': [1223], 'It': [1224], 'uncommon': [1226], 'after': [1227], '60,': [1231], 'male': [1245], 'predominance': [1246], 'workers[16,24–25],': [1254], 'quoted': [1257], 'ratios': [1258], 'approximately': [1260], '2': [1261], 'female.': [1267], 'far': [1276], 'excess': [1278], 'Reasons': [1285], 'are': [1292], 'apparent,': [1294], 'his': [1297], 'discussion': [1298], 'late': [1301], 'presentation': [1302], 'breast': [1304], 'cancer': [1305], 'Sebai[27]': [1309], 'theorized': [1310], 'women': [1313], 'readily': [1316], 'seek': [1317], 'help': [1319], 'account': [1321], 'shyness.ARTICLE': [1323], 'REFERENCES:1.': [1324], 'RJ,': [1326], 'Harding': [1327], 'B,': [1328], 'Ryan': [1329], 'W.': [1330], '"Fistula-in-ano': [1331], 'childhood:': [1333], 'etiology"': [1336], '.': [1337, 1354, 1370, 1392, 1410, 1428, 1447, 1466, 1486, 1515, 1527, 1550, 1578, 1596, 1633, 1647, 1669, 1693, 1704, 1731, 1753, 1776, 1798, 1816, 1832, 1847], 'J': [1338, 1449, 1468], 'Pediatir': [1339], 'Surg.': [1340, 1450, 1469, 1552], '1985;': [1341, 1518], '20:': [1342], '80–1.': [1343], 'Google': [1344, 1361, 1377, 1399, 1417, 1435, 1454, 1473, 1500, 1521, 1534, 1556, 1586, 1604, 1617, 1640, 1655, 1674, 1698, 1712, 1738, 1760, 1783, 1805, 1824, 1839, 1854], 'Scholar2.': [1345], 'Eisenhammer': [1346, 1826], '"Internal': [1348], 'sphincter': [1350], 'anorectal': [1352, 1751, 1774, 1829], 'abscess"': [1353, 1752, 1815, 1831], 'Surg': [1355, 1648, 1817], 'Gynecol': [1356], 'Obstet.': [1357], '1956;': [1358], '103:': [1359], '501–6.': [1360], 'Scholar3.': [1362], 'Parks': [1363, 1401, 1421, 1437, 1588], 'AG.': [1364], '"Pathogenesis': [1365], 'treatment': [1367, 1406, 1483, 1812], 'fistula-in-ano"': [1369, 1409, 1446, 1485, 1595], 'Br': [1371, 1448, 1467], 'Med': [1372, 1529], 'J.': [1373, 1530, 1607], '1961;': [1374], '5224:': [1375], '463–9.': [1376], 'Scholar4.': [1378], 'Harkins': [1379], 'HN.': [1380], '"Correlation': [1381], 'newer': [1384], 'knowledge': [1385], 'anatomy': [1388], 'anorectum"': [1391], 'Dis': [1393, 1411, 1429, 1634, 1754, 1777, 1799, 1833], 'Colon': [1394, 1412, 1430, 1635, 1755, 1778, 1800, 1834], 'Rectum.': [1395, 1413, 1431, 1636, 1756, 1779, 1801, 1835], '1965;': [1396, 1671, 1735], '8:': [1397], '154–7.': [1398], 'Scholar5.': [1400], 'AG,': [1402, 1422, 1438, 1589], 'Stitz': [1403], 'RW.': [1404], '"The': [1405, 1592, 1766, 1828], 'high': [1408], '1976;': [1414, 1432, 1451], '19:': [1415, 1433], '487–99.': [1416], 'Scholar6.': [1418], 'Goldberg': [1419], 'SM,': [1420], 'Goligher': [1423], 'JC,': [1424], 'al.': [1426], '"Fistula-in-ano"': [1427], '487–528.': [1434], 'Scholar7.': [1436], 'Gordon': [1439, 1764], 'PH,': [1440], 'Hardcstle': [1441], 'JD.': [1442], '"A': [1443, 1744], 'classification': [1444], '63:': [1452], '1–12.': [1453], 'Scholar8.': [1455], 'CG,': [1457], 'Ritchie': [1458], 'JK.': [1459], '"Anal': [1460, 1510], 'fistulas': [1461, 1793], 'Hospital"': [1465], '1977;': [1470], '64:': [1471], '84–91.': [1472], 'Scholar9.': [1474], 'Jamjoom': [1475], 'AMR.': [1476], '"Fistula-in-ano:': [1477, 1560], 'one-day': [1479], 'approach': [1481], 'Presented': [1487], 'Proceedings': [1489], 'Fifth': [1492], 'Medical': [1494], 'Meeting,': [1495], 'Riyadh,': [1496], '1980;609–18.': [1499], 'Scholar10.': [1501], 'H,': [1503], 'CS,': [1505], 'Khawaja': [1506], 'S,': [1507], 'Wosornu': [1508], 'L.': [1509], 'fissures,': [1511], 'abscesses': [1512, 1770], 'fistulae"': [1514, 1730], 'Trop': [1516], 'Doctor.': [1517], '15:': [1519], '108–10.': [1520], 'Scholar11.': [1522], 'Fatayer': [1523], 'WT.': [1524], '"Outpatient': [1525], 'proctocology"': [1526], 'Jordan': [1528], '1983;': [1531], '17:': [1532, 1803], '137–43.': [1533], 'Scholar12.': [1535], 'Ferguson': [1536], 'JA,': [1537, 1786], 'Mackeigan': [1538], 'JM.': [1539], '"Haemorrhoids,': [1540], 'fistulae': [1541], 'fissures:': [1543], 'office': [1544], 'hospital': [1546], 'management-a': [1547], 'critical': [1548], 'review"': [1549], 'Ad': [1551], '1978;': [1553, 1652], '12:': [1554], '140–9.': [1555], 'Scholar13.': [1557], 'Lilius': [1558], 'HG.': [1559], 'investigation': [1562], 'human': [1564], 'foetal': [1565], 'ducts': [1567], 'intramuscular': [1569], 'clinical': [1573], '150': [1576], 'patients"': [1577, 1632], 'Acta': [1579], 'Chir': [1580, 1680], 'Scand': [1581], '[Suppl].': [1582], '1968;': [1583, 1695], '383:': [1584], '1–88.': [1585], 'Scholar14.': [1587], 'Morson': [1590, 1661, 1682], 'BC.': [1591, 1662, 1683], 'Proc': [1597, 1705], 'R': [1598, 1706], 'Soc': [1599, 1707], 'Med.': [1600, 1708, 1850], '1962;': [1601], '55:': [1602], '751–4.': [1603], 'Scholar15.': [1605], 'Rosai': [1606], "Ackerman's": [1608], 'Surgical': [1609], 'Pathology,': [1610, 1885], 'ed': [1611], '6.': [1612], 'New': [1613], 'York:': [1614], 'Mosby,': [1615], '1987;560–651.': [1616], 'Scholar16.': [1618], 'Ramanujam': [1619], 'PS,': [1620], 'Prasad': [1621], 'ML,': [1622], 'Abcarian': [1623, 1742], 'H.': [1624], '"Perianal': [1625], 'fistulas:': [1627], '1023': [1631], '1984;': [1637, 1780], '27:': [1638, 1781], '593–7.': [1639], 'Scholar17.': [1641], 'Hanley': [1642], 'PH.': [1643, 1765], '"Anorectal': [1644, 1702], 'fistula"': [1646], 'Clin': [1649, 1733, 1818], 'North': [1650, 1819], 'Am.': [1651, 1820], '58:': [1653], '487–503.': [1654], 'Scholar18.': [1656], 'Gray': [1657], 'BK,': [1658], 'Lockhart-Mummery': [1659, 1678], 'HE,': [1660, 1679], '"Crohn\'s': [1663], 'region"': [1668], 'Gut.': [1670], '6:': [1672], '515–25.': [1673], 'Scholar19.': [1675], 'Lennard-Jones': [1676], 'JE,': [1677], 'M,': [1681], '"Clinical': [1684], 'pathological': [1686], 'differentiation': [1687], "Crohn's": [1689], 'proctocolitis"': [1692], 'Gastroenterology.': [1694], '54:': [1696], '1162–70.': [1697], 'Scholar20.': [1699], 'Logan': [1700], 'VS.': [1701], 'tuberculosis"': [1703], '1969;': [1709, 1821], '62:': [1710], '1227–30.': [1711], 'Scholar21.': [1713], 'GA,': [1715], 'Martin': [1716], 'WJ,': [1717], 'Dearing': [1718], 'WH,': [1719], 'Culp': [1720], 'CE.': [1721], '"Primary': [1722], 'rectum': [1726], 'multiple': [1728], 'perianal': [1729, 1814], 'Mayo': [1732], 'Proc.': [1734], '40:': [1736], '296–9.': [1737], 'Scholar22.': [1739], 'Read': [1740], 'DR,': [1741], 'HA.': [1743], 'prospective': [1745], '474': [1748], '1979;': [1757], '22:': [1758], '566–8.': [1759], 'Scholar23.': [1761], 'Vasilevsky': [1762], 'CA,': [1763], 'recurrent': [1769], 'suppuration"': [1775], '126–30.': [1782], 'Scholar24.': [1784], 'Scoma': [1785], 'Salvati': [1787], 'EP,': [1788], 'Rubin': [1789], 'RJ.': [1790], '"Incidence': [1791], 'subsequent': [1794], 'abscesses"': [1797], '1974;': [1802], '357–9.': [1804], 'Scholar25.': [1806], 'Waggener': [1807], 'HU.': [1808], '"Immediate': [1809], 'fistulotomy': [1810], '49:': [1822], '1227–33.': [1823], 'Scholar26.': [1825], '1966;': [1836], '9:': [1837, 1852], '91–106.': [1838], 'Scholar27.': [1840], 'Sebai': [1841], 'ZA.': [1842], '"Cancer': [1843], 'Arabia"': [1846], 'Ann': [1848], '1989;': [1851], '55–63.': [1853], 'Scholar': [1855], 'Previous': [1856], 'article': [1857, 1859], 'Next': [1858], 'FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails': [1860], 'Volume': [1861], '11,': [1862], 'Issue': [1863], '4July': [1864], '1991': [1865, 1873], 'Metrics': [1866], 'History': [1867], 'Accepted23': [1868], 'June': [1869], '1990Published': [1870], 'online1': [1871], 'July': [1872], 'ACKNOWLEDGMENTWe': [1874], 'wish': [1875], 'thank': [1877], 'Miss': [1878], 'Juliet': [1879], 'David': [1880], 'Department': [1883], 'KFHU,': [1886], 'invaluable': [1888], 'clerical': [1889], 'technical': [1891], 'assistance.InformationCopyright': [1892], '©': [1893], '1991,': [1894], 'Annals': [1895], 'MedicinePDF': [1898], 'download': [1899]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2285211223', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-27T07:35:00.107112', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}