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1951, 1964, 1979, 1995, 2016], 'Medical': [65, 82, 99, 114, 128, 184, 1883, 1902, 1921, 1938, 1952, 2017], 'Institutions,': [66, 83, 100, 115, 129, 185, 1884, 1903, 1922, 1939, 1953, 2018], 'Baltimore,': [67, 84, 101, 116, 130, 142, 154, 168, 186, 1885, 1904, 1923, 1940, 1954, 1969, 1984, 2000, 2019], 'Maryland': [68, 85, 102, 117, 131, 143, 155, 169, 187, 1886, 1905, 1924, 1941, 1955, 1970, 1985, 2001, 2020], ',': [69, 86, 103, 132, 144, 156, 170], 'JohnsonMichael': [72], 'Johnson': [74, 1264, 1573, 1759, 1894], 'PierorazioPhillip': [89], 'Pierorazio': [91, 1164, 1275, 1590, 1732, 1772, 1913], 'SozioStephen': [106], 'Sozio': [108, 1932], 'Department': [109, 1933], 'Medicine,': [111, 1935], 'Welch': [118, 1942], 'Center': [119, 676, 1943], 'Prevention,': [121, 1945], 'Epidemiology,': [122, 1946], 'Clinical': [124, 202, 1179, 1948], 'Research,': [125, 1949], 'SharmaRitu': [134], 'Sharma': [135, 1962], 'University': [138, 150, 164, 1965, 1980, 1996], 'Evidence-Based': [139, 151, 165, 1966, 1981, 1997], 'Practice': [140, 152, 166, 675, 1967, 1982, 1998], 'Center,': [141, 153, 167, 1968, 1983, 1999], 'IyohaEmmanuel': [146], 'Iyoha': [147, 1977], 'BassEric': [159], 'Bass': [161, 1709, 1993], 'AllafMohamad': [174], 'View': [188], 'All': [189, 2027], 'Author': [190], 'Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2015.11.029AboutFull': [191], 'TextPDF': [192], 'ToolsAdd': [193], 'to': [194, 232, 258, 317, 323, 353, 355, 359, 520, 751, 875, 1682], 'favoritesDownload': [195], 'CitationsTrack': [196], 'CitationsPermissionsReprints': [197], 'ShareFacebookLinked': [198], 'InTwitterEmail': [199], 'Abstract': [200], 'Purpose:': [201], 'practice': [203], 'varies': [204], 'widely': [205], 'on': [206, 404, 525, 746, 1239, 1442, 1599], 'diagnostic': [208, 284, 376, 709, 873, 950], 'role': [209, 831, 916, 1014, 1042], 'biopsy': [211, 321, 362, 400, 437, 556, 805, 849, 866, 892, 921, 945, 965, 991, 1019, 1059, 1082, 1097, 1117, 1138], 'clinically': [213, 418], 'localized': [214, 439], 'renal': [215, 219, 242, 337, 440, 517, 522, 559, 593, 624, 730, 748, 757, 772, 798, 821, 848, 854, 869, 891, 901, 932, 948, 968, 1000, 1023, 1033, 1063, 1087, 1101, 1119, 1136, 1835], 'masses': [216, 441, 799, 969], 'suspicious': [217], 'cell': [220, 338, 523, 536, 902], 'carcinoma.': [221], 'Therefore,': [222], 'we': [223], 'performed': [224], 'systematic': [226, 265, 596], 'review': [227, 266, 597], 'available': [230], 'literature': [231], 'quantify': [233], 'accuracy': [235, 285, 432, 710, 732, 1112], 'rate': [237, 307, 331, 450, 951], 'adverse': [239], 'events': [240], 'mass': [243, 458, 518, 574, 773, 822, 870, 1137], 'biopsy.': [244, 391, 834, 1046], 'Materials': [245, 1829], 'Methods:': [247], 'MEDLINE®,': [248], 'Embase®': [249], 'Cochrane': [252], 'databases': [253], 'were': [254, 281, 299, 455], 'searched': [255], '(January': [256], '1997': [257], '2015)': [260], 'relevant': [262], 'studies.': [263, 711], 'The': [264, 304, 329, 985, 1434], 'process': [267], 'established': [268], 'by': [269, 671, 780, 1279, 1889, 1908, 1927, 1958, 1973, 1988, 2004, 2023], 'Agency': [271, 648, 687], 'Healthcare': [273, 650, 689], 'Research': [274, 651, 690], 'Quality': [276, 1780], 'was': [277, 308, 332, 342, 363, 378, 433], 'followed.': [278], 'Nondiagnostic': [279, 1410], 'biopsies': [280, 298, 750], 'excluded': [282], 'from': [283, 349, 1605], 'calculations.': [286], 'Results:': [287], 'A': [288, 1176, 1243, 1476, 1494, 1531, 1775], 'total': [289], '20': [291, 911], 'studies': [292], 'with': [293, 310, 397, 442, 775, 922, 1305, 1357, 1472, 1503, 1539, 1785, 1844], '2,979': [294], 'patients': [295, 382, 393, 878], '3,113': [297], 'included': [300, 415], 'study.': [303], 'overall': [305], 'nondiagnostic': [306, 449, 826, 1135], '14.1%': [309], '90.4%': [311], 'those': [313], 'undergoing': [314, 394], 'surgery': [315, 387], 'found': [316], 'have': [318], 'malignancy.': [319], 'Repeat': [320], 'led': [322], 'diagnosis': [324, 754, 1021], '80%': [326], 'patients.': [328], 'false-positive': [330], 'low': [333, 350, 444], '(4.0%),': [334], 'histological': [335, 895], 'carcinoma': [339, 524], 'subtype': [340, 896], 'concordance': [341], 'substantial,': [343], 'Fuhrman': [345, 898], 'upgrading': [346], 'notable': [347], '(16%)': [348], 'grade': [351, 357, 899], '(1': [352], '2)': [354], 'high': [356, 435], '(3': [358], '4).': [360], 'Core': [361, 1416], 'highly': [364], 'sensitive': [365], '(97.5%,': [366], 'CI': [367, 372, 411], '96.5–98.5)': [368], 'specific': [370], '(96.2%,': [371], '90.7–100)': [373], 'when': [374], 'result': [377], 'obtained,': [379], 'but': [380, 447], 'most': [381], '(∼80%)': [383], 'did': [384], 'not': [385], 'undergo': [386], 'after': [388], 'benign': [390, 509, 592, 994, 1038], 'Among': [392], 'extirpation': [395], '36.7%': [396], 'negative': [399, 452], 'had': [401], 'malignant': [402], 'disease': [403], 'surgical': [405, 599, 880], 'pathology': [406], '(negative': [407], 'predictive': [408, 453], 'value': [409, 454, 986], '63.3%,': [410], '52.4–74.2).': [412], 'Direct': [413], 'complications': [414], 'hematoma': [416], '(4.9%),': [417], 'significant': [419], 'pain': [420], '(1.2%),': [421], 'gross': [422], 'hematuria': [423], '(1.0%),': [424], 'pneumothorax': [425], '(0.6%)': [426], 'hemorrhage': [428], '(0.4%).': [429], 'Conclusions:': [430], 'Diagnostic': [431, 1111, 1322, 1675], 'generally': [434], 'complication': [445], 'rate,': [446], 'concerning.': [456], 'sampling': [459], 'should': [460, 803], 'be': [461, 521, 1628], 'used': [462], 'judiciously': [463], 'as': [464], 'further': [465], 'research': [466], 'will': [467], 'determine': [468], 'its': [469], 'true': [470], 'clinical': [471, 622, 915], 'utility.': [472], 'References': [473], '1': [474], 'American': [475], 'Cancer': [476, 478, 499, 544, 669], 'Society:': [477], 'Facts': [479], '&': [480, 1832], 'Figures': [481], '2014.': [482, 654], 'Available': [483, 655, 693], 'at': [484, 512, 656, 694], 'http://www.cancer.org/acs/groups/content/@research/documents/webcontent/acspc-042151.pdf.': [485], 'Google': [486, 503, 531, 550, 569, 584, 613, 631, 658, 696, 717, 740, 764, 788, 814, 839, 860, 886, 909, 939, 960, 981, 1007, 1028, 1051, 1074, 1092, 1107, 1125, 1145], 'Scholar': [487, 504, 532, 551, 570, 585, 614, 632, 659, 697, 718, 741, 765, 789, 815, 840, 861, 887, 910, 940, 961, 982, 1008, 1029, 1052, 1075, 1093, 1108, 1126, 1146], '2': [488], ':': [489, 506, 534, 553, 572, 587, 616, 661, 699, 720, 743, 767, 791, 817, 842, 863, 889, 912, 942, 963, 984, 1010, 1031, 1054, 1077, 1095, 1110, 1128], 'Global': [490], 'increases': [491], 'kidney': [493], 'cancer': [494, 537], 'incidence,': [495], '1973-1992.': [496], 'Eur': [497, 565, 835, 1103, 1121], 'J': [498, 580, 608, 626, 760, 783, 810, 904, 934, 954, 977, 1002, 1069, 1140, 1528, 1620, 1670, 1806], 'Prev2002;': [500], '11:': [501], '171.': [502], '3': [505], 'Incidence': [507, 792], 'pathologic': [510], 'findings': [511], 'partial': [513], 'nephrectomy': [514], 'solitary': [516], 'presumed': [519], 'preoperative': [526, 747, 988, 1044], 'imaging.': [527], 'Urology2006;': [528], '68:': [529, 567], '737.': [530], '4': [533], 'stage': [538], 'migration:': [539], 'analysis': [540], 'National': [543], 'Data': [545], 'Base.': [546], 'Cancer2008;': [547], '113:': [548], '78.': [549], '5': [552], 'tumor': [555, 1131], 'small': [558, 771, 820, 868, 927, 947, 967, 1062, 1086], 'masses:': [560, 594, 731, 949, 1064], 'single-center': [562], '13-year': [563], 'experience.': [564, 1068], 'Urol2015;': [566, 609, 1141], '1007.': [568], '6': [571], 'sampling:': [575], 'an': [576], 'enlightened': [577], 'perspective.': [578], 'Int': [579, 976], 'Urol2011;': [581, 836], '18:': [582], '5.': [583], '7': [586], 'Preoperatively': [588], 'misclassified,': [589], 'surgically': [590], 'removed': [591], 'series': [600], 'United': [602], 'States': [603], 'population': [604], 'level': [605], 'burden': [606], 'estimate.': [607], '193:': [610, 1142], '30.': [611], 'Link,': [612, 630, 787, 908, 938, 1006, 1073, 1144], '8': [615], 'Guideline': [617], 'management': [619, 774, 852, 1084], 'T1': [623], 'mass.': [625], 'Urol2009;': [627], '182:': [628], '1271.': [629], '9': [633], 'Methods': [634], 'Guide': [635], 'Effectiveness': [637, 640, 1466], 'Comparative': [639, 1465, 1777], 'Reviews.': [641], 'AHRQ': [642, 681, 1861], 'Publication': [643, 682], 'No.': [644, 679, 683], '10(14)-EHC063-EF.': [645], 'Rockville,': [646, 685], 'Maryland:': [647, 686], 'QualityJanuary': [653], 'www.effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov.': [657], '10': [660], 'Management': [662, 1468], 'Masses': [665, 1302, 1598, 1626, 1788], '(Prepared': [670], 'JHU': [673], 'Evidence-based': [674], 'under': [677], 'Contract': [678], '290-2012-00007-I.)': [680], '16-EHC001-EF.': [684], 'Quality2016.': [692], 'www.effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/reports/final.cfm.': [695], '11': [698], 'QUADAS-2:': [700], 'revised': [702], 'tool': [703, 874], 'quality': [706], 'assessment': [707], 'Ann': [712], 'Intern': [713], 'Med2011;': [714], '155:': [715], '529.': [716], '12': [719], 'Prospective': [721, 1477], 'evaluation': [722], 'fine': [724, 918], 'needle': [725, 823, 919, 989, 1017], 'aspiration': [726], 'small,': [728, 997], 'solid': [729, 1100], 'morbidity.': [734], 'Urology1997;': [735], '50:': [736], '25.': [737], 'Crossref,': [738], 'Medline,': [739], '13': [742], 'Multi-colour': [744], 'FISH': [745], 'tumour': [749], 'confirm': [752], 'uncertain': [756], 'masses.': [758, 855, 933, 1001, 1088, 1102, 1120], 'World': [759], 'Urol2010;': [761], '28:': [762], '269.': [763], '14': [766], 'determining': [770], 'risk': [776], 'stratified': [777], 'biopsies:': [778], 'confirmation': [779], 'final': [781], 'pathology.': [782], 'Urol2013;': [784, 978], '189:': [785], '441.': [786], '15': [790], 'malignancy': [794], 'complex': [796], 'cystic': [797], '(Bosniak': [800], 'category': [801], 'III):': [802], 'imaging-guided': [804], 'precede': [806], 'surgery?.': [807], 'AJR': [808], 'Am': [809], 'Roentgenol2003;': [811], '180:': [812, 1004, 1071], '755.': [813], '16': [816], 'Outcomes': [818], 'core': [824, 865, 944, 990, 1018, 1045, 1081], 'biopsy,': [825, 828], 'percutaneous': [827, 847, 920, 1016, 1058, 1080, 1116], 'repeat': [833], '60:': [837], '578.': [838], '17': [841], 'implications': [845], 'Perm': [856], 'J2013;': [857], '17:': [858], '4.': [859], '18': [862], 'Percutaneous': [864, 1415], 'lesions:': [871], 'better': [876], 'stratify': [877], 'intervention.': [881], 'BJU': [882, 1047], 'Int2013;': [883], '111:': [884], 'E146.': [885], '19': [888], 'Can': [890], 'accurately': [893], 'predict': [894, 1134], 'carcinoma?.': [903], 'Urol2012;': [905], '188:': [906], '1690.': [907], 'computerized': [923], 'tomography': [924], 'guidance': [925], '(less': [928], 'than': [929], '4.0': [930], 'cm)': [931], 'Urol2004;': [935], '171:': [936], '1802.': [937], '21': [941], 'Ultrasound-guided': [943, 1096], 'limitations.': [953], 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'30': [1127], 'Patient': [1129, 1328], 'characteristics': [1132], 'can': [1133], 'findings.': [1139], '1899.': [1143], '©': [1147], '2016FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited': [1148], 'bySu': [1149], 'Z,': [1150, 1568], 'H,': [1152, 1259, 1564, 1576, 1754], 'Huang': [1153], 'M,': [1154, 1263, 1265, 1392, 1524, 1570, 1572, 1574, 1578, 1708, 1756, 1760], 'Alam': [1155, 1260, 1565], 'R,': [1156, 1261, 1566, 1706], 'Cheaib': [1157], 'J,': [1158, 1199, 1271, 1394, 1586, 1660, 1712, 1766], 'Pavlovich': [1159], 'C,': [1160], 'M': [1162, 1231, 1273, 1292, 1319, 1431, 1462, 1588, 1770], 'P': [1165, 1276, 1491, 1591, 1733, 1773], '(2022)': [1166], 'Active': [1167, 1306, 1600, 1790], 'Surveillance': [1168, 1448, 1791], 'versus': [1169, 1438], 'Immediate': [1170], 'Intervention': [1171, 1298], 'Small': [1173, 1300, 1366, 1473, 1512, 1548, 1596, 1624, 1786], 'Masses:': [1175, 1327, 1475], 'Cost-Effectiveness': [1177], 'Decision': [1180], 'AnalysisJournal': [1181], 'Urology,': [1183, 1221, 1247, 1282, 1309, 1333, 1370, 1421, 1452, 1481, 1516, 1552, 1610, 1635, 1694, 1744, 1796, 1814], 'VOL.': [1184, 1222, 1248, 1283, 1310, 1334, 1371, 1422, 1453, 1482, 1553, 1611, 1636, 1695, 1745, 1797, 1815], '208,': [1185], 'NO.': [1186, 1224, 1250, 1285, 1312, 1336, 1373, 1424, 1455, 1484, 1555, 1613, 1638, 1697, 1747, 1799, 1817], '4,': [1187, 1556, 1639, 1698], '(794-803),': [1188], 'Online': [1189, 1227, 1253, 1288, 1315, 1339, 1376, 1427, 1458, 1487, 1558, 1616, 1641, 1700, 1750, 1802, 1820], 'publication': [1190, 1228, 1254, 1289, 1316, 1340, 1377, 1428, 1459, 1488, 1559, 1617, 1642, 1701, 1751, 1803, 1821], 'date:': [1191, 1229, 1255, 1290, 1317, 1341, 1378, 1429, 1460, 1489, 1560, 1618, 1643, 1702, 1752, 1804, 1822], '1-Oct-2022.Campbell': [1192], 'S,': [1193, 1197, 1384, 1386, 1704, 1726], 'Clark': [1194, 1715], 'P,': [1195, 1267, 1518, 1582, 1716, 1762], 'Chang': [1196, 1266, 1581, 1713, 1761], 'Karam': [1198], 'Souter': [1200], 'L': [1201, 1345], 'Uzzo': [1203, 1705], 'R': 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