Title: Reduced intake of dietary antioxidants can impair antioxidant status in type 2 diabetes patients
Abstract: Reduced intake of dietary antioxidants can impair antioxidant status in type 2 diabetes patients 599 antioxidants, including both enzymatic (eg, superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT], glutathione peroxidase [GPx], and glutathione reductase [GRx]) and nonenzymatic systems (eg, glutathione, bilirubin, uric acid, coenzyme Q10, ferritin, metallothioneins, albumin, and ceruloplasmin) exert synergistic actions in scavenging free radicals by converting them to less harmful molecules. 4Among antioxidant enzymes, SOD catalyzes the dismutation of the major reactive oxygen species-superoxide anion (O 2 •-)-into hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), and GPx converts H 2 O 2 into H 2 O. 5 Persistent hyperglycemia impairs the endogenous antioxidant defense system and can induce INTRODUCTION Type 2 diabetes is considered to be one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide, including Poland. 1 Oxidative and nitrosative stresses play the main role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and long-term diabetic microvascular and macrovascular complications such as diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, atherosclerosis, and coronary heart disease.Hyperglycemia can stimulate imbalance between the production and elimination of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species. 2,3n healthy subjects, exposure to reactive oxygen species or reactive nitrogen species, which are generated in normal metabolism, induces an antioxidant defense mechanism.