Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2124167692', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/22.5.813', 'title': 'Comparison of Vancomycin, Teicoplanin, Metronidazole, and Fusidic Acid for the Treatment of Clostridium difficile--Associated Diarrhea', 'display_name': 'Comparison of Vancomycin, Teicoplanin, Metronidazole, and Fusidic Acid for the Treatment of Clostridium difficile--Associated Diarrhea', 'publication_year': 1996, 'publication_date': '1996-05-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2124167692', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/22.5.813', 'mag': '2124167692', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8722937'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/22.5.813', 'pdf_url': 'https://academic.oup.com/cid/article-pdf/22/5/813/1033446/22-5-813.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S72350973', 'display_name': 'Clinical Infectious Diseases', 'issn_l': '1058-4838', 'issn': ['1058-4838', '1537-6591'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648', 'host_organization_name': 'Oxford University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311647', 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Oxford', 'Oxford University Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'bronze', 'oa_url': 'https://academic.oup.com/cid/article-pdf/22/5/813/1033446/22-5-813.pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5066197632', 'display_name': 'C. Wenisch', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2802328216', 'display_name': 'Vienna General Hospital', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05f0zr486', 'country_code': 'AT', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2802328216']}], 'countries': ['AT'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'C. Wenisch', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Vienna, Austria.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Vienna, Austria.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2802328216']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5057954263', 'display_name': 'Bernhard Parschalk', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': ['AT'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'B. Parschalk', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['From the Department of Infectious Diseases, Internal Medicine I, and the Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hygiene-Institute of the University Hospital of ViennaVienna, Austria'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'From the Department of Infectious Diseases, Internal Medicine I, and the Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hygiene-Institute of the University Hospital of ViennaVienna, Austria', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5048134477', 'display_name': 'Martina Hasenhundl', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': ['AT'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'M. Hasenhundl', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['From the Department of Infectious Diseases, Internal Medicine I, and the Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hygiene-Institute of the University Hospital of ViennaVienna, Austria'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'From the Department of Infectious Diseases, Internal Medicine I, and the Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hygiene-Institute of the University Hospital of ViennaVienna, Austria', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5110274938', 'display_name': 'Alexander M. Hirschl', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': ['AT'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'A. M. Hirschl', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['From the Department of Infectious Diseases, Internal Medicine I, and the Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hygiene-Institute of the University Hospital of ViennaVienna, Austria'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'From the Department of Infectious Diseases, Internal Medicine I, and the Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hygiene-Institute of the University Hospital of ViennaVienna, Austria', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5023471727', 'display_name': 'W. Graninger', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3489-3439'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': ['AT'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'W. Graninger', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['From the Department of Infectious Diseases, Internal Medicine I, and the Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hygiene-Institute of the University Hospital of ViennaVienna, Austria'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'From the Department of Infectious Diseases, Internal Medicine I, and the Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hygiene-Institute of the University Hospital of ViennaVienna, Austria', 'institution_ids': []}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 4320, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 4320, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 6.151, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 507, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999759, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '22', 'issue': '5', 'first_page': '813', 'last_page': '818'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11288', 'display_name': 'Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2725', 'display_name': 'Infectious Diseases'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11288', 'display_name': 'Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2725', 'display_name': 'Infectious Diseases'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10976', 'display_name': 'Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology', 'score': 0.9911, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2725', 'display_name': 'Infectious Diseases'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13569', 'display_name': 'Microscopic Colitis', 'score': 0.9867, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2713', 'display_name': 'Epidemiology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/teicoplanin', 'display_name': 'Teicoplanin', 'score': 0.9596232}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/fusidic-acid', 'display_name': 'Fusidic acid', 'score': 0.79932487}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/fidaxomicin', 'display_name': 'Fidaxomicin', 'score': 0.43927374}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776703206', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2731762', 'display_name': 'Teicoplanin', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.9596232}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777396551', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169569', 'display_name': 'Metronidazole', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.91967726}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.9085515}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778980435', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424027', 'display_name': 'Vancomycin', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.83714336}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780483375', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q259930', 'display_name': 'Fusidic acid', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.79932487}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779802037', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40878', 'display_name': 'Diarrhea', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.65306705}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2994496256', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27031090', 'display_name': 'Clostridium difficile', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.58999}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C126322002', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180', 'display_name': 'Internal medicine', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.5349767}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C197934379', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2047938', 'display_name': 'Adverse effect', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4831428}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C90924648', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120569', 'display_name': 'Gastroenterology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.46937656}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C501593827', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12187', 'display_name': 'Antibiotics', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.45524308}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781342628', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5446672', 'display_name': 'Fidaxomicin', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.43927374}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C141071460', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821', 'display_name': 'Surgery', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.38037744}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C89423630', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193', 'display_name': 'Microbiology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.30756718}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779489039', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188121', 'display_name': 'Staphylococcus aureus', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.047082454}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C523546767', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876', 'display_name': 'Bacteria', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C54355233', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162', 'display_name': 'Genetics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D000900', 'descriptor_name': 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000008', 'qualifier_name': 'administration & dosage', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016360', 'descriptor_name': 'Clostridioides difficile', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003967', 'descriptor_name': 'Diarrhea', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000188', 'qualifier_name': 'drug therapy', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004761', 'descriptor_name': 'Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000188', 'qualifier_name': 'drug therapy', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000284', 'descriptor_name': 'Administration, Oral', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000328', 'descriptor_name': 'Adult', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000900', 'descriptor_name': 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003967', 'descriptor_name': 'Diarrhea', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004761', 'descriptor_name': 'Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005260', 'descriptor_name': 'Female', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005672', 'descriptor_name': 'Fusidic Acid', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000008', 'qualifier_name': 'administration & dosage', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005672', 'descriptor_name': 'Fusidic Acid', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008297', 'descriptor_name': 'Male', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008795', 'descriptor_name': 'Metronidazole', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008795', 'descriptor_name': 'Metronidazole', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000008', 'qualifier_name': 'administration & dosage', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008875', 'descriptor_name': 'Middle Aged', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011446', 'descriptor_name': 'Prospective Studies', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012008', 'descriptor_name': 'Recurrence', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D017334', 'descriptor_name': 'Teicoplanin', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D017334', 'descriptor_name': 'Teicoplanin', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000008', 'qualifier_name': 'administration & dosage', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014640', 'descriptor_name': 'Vancomycin', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000008', 'qualifier_name': 'administration & dosage', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014640', 'descriptor_name': 'Vancomycin', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/22.5.813', 'pdf_url': 'https://academic.oup.com/cid/article-pdf/22/5/813/1033446/22-5-813.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S72350973', 'display_name': 'Clinical Infectious Diseases', 'issn_l': '1058-4838', 'issn': ['1058-4838', '1537-6591'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648', 'host_organization_name': 'Oxford University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311647', 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Oxford', 'Oxford University Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8722937', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/22.5.813', 'pdf_url': 'https://academic.oup.com/cid/article-pdf/22/5/813/1033446/22-5-813.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S72350973', 'display_name': 'Clinical Infectious Diseases', 'issn_l': '1058-4838', 'issn': ['1058-4838', '1537-6591'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648', 'host_organization_name': 'Oxford University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311647', 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Oxford', 'Oxford University Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'score': 0.8, 'display_name': 'Good health and well-being', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 26, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1554363864', 'https://openalex.org/W2025939938', 'https://openalex.org/W2033486769', 'https://openalex.org/W2046732328', 'https://openalex.org/W2052773735', 'https://openalex.org/W2070342870', 'https://openalex.org/W2084734557', 'https://openalex.org/W2104141482', 'https://openalex.org/W2111391971', 'https://openalex.org/W2123831499', 'https://openalex.org/W2132039569', 'https://openalex.org/W2136245438', 'https://openalex.org/W2147561159', 'https://openalex.org/W2150765371', 'https://openalex.org/W2153342147', 'https://openalex.org/W2161624740', 'https://openalex.org/W2165302829', 'https://openalex.org/W22421575', 'https://openalex.org/W2317232665', 'https://openalex.org/W2318911370', 'https://openalex.org/W2321384781', 'https://openalex.org/W2328690882', 'https://openalex.org/W2332067624', 'https://openalex.org/W2334793453', 'https://openalex.org/W2410741032', 'https://openalex.org/W4367720797'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4255229139', 'https://openalex.org/W2435970063', 'https://openalex.org/W2417186599', 'https://openalex.org/W2416845278', 'https://openalex.org/W2327208893', 'https://openalex.org/W2167465266', 'https://openalex.org/W2083237412', 'https://openalex.org/W2051263462', 'https://openalex.org/W2004900990', 'https://openalex.org/W1984352691'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'We': [0], 'conducted': [1], 'a': [2], 'prospective,': [3], 'randomized': [4], 'study': [5], 'to': [6, 129, 173], 'compare': [7], 'the': [8, 22, 36, 138, 148], 'efficacy': [9], 'of': [10, 24, 35, 44, 50, 58, 68, 74, 80, 88, 97, 103, 108, 114, 121, 140, 150], 'oral': [11, 14, 16, 19], 'fusidic': [12, 54, 84], 'acid,': [13, 55, 85], 'metronidazole,': [15], 'vancomycin,': [17, 42, 72], 'and': [18, 56, 86, 119, 156], 'teicoplanin': [20, 134], 'for': [21, 33, 152, 162], 'treatment': [23, 174], 'Clostridium': [25], 'difficile—associated': [26, 154], 'diarrhea.': [27], 'Treatment': [28], 'resulted': [29], 'in': [30, 66, 101], 'clinical': [31], 'cure': [32], '94%': [34, 57], 'patients': [37, 69, 104, 163], 'who': [38, 164, 169], 'were': [39, 135], 'treated': [40, 46, 52, 60, 70, 76, 82, 90, 105, 110, 116, 123], 'with': [41, 47, 53, 61, 71, 77, 83, 91, 106, 111, 117, 124, 131, 175], '96%': [43], 'those': [45, 51, 59, 75, 81, 89, 109, 115, 122], 'teicoplanin,': [48, 78, 112], '93%': [49], 'metronidazole.': [62, 92, 125], 'Clinical': [63], 'symptoms': [64], 'recurred': [65], '16%': [67, 87, 120], '7%': [73], '28%': [79], 'There': [93], 'was': [94], 'asymptomatic': [95], 'carriage': [96], 'C.': [98, 153], 'difficile': [99], 'toxin': [100], '13%': [102], 'vancomycin,4%': [107], '24%': [113], 'fusidicacid,': [118], 'No': [126], 'adverse': [127], 'effectsrelated': [128], 'therapy': [130], 'vancomycin': [132], 'or': [133, 168], 'observed.': [136], 'Considering': [137], 'costs': [139], 'treatment,': [141], 'our': [142], 'findings': [143], 'suggest': [144], 'that': [145, 157], 'metronidazole': [146, 167], 'is': [147], 'drug': [149], 'choice': [151], 'diarrhea': [155], 'glycopeptides': [158], 'should': [159], 'be': [160], 'reserved': [161], 'cannot': [165], 'tolerate': [166], 'do': [170], 'not': [171], 'respond': [172], 'this': [176], 'drug.': [177]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2124167692', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 14}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 19}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 16}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 18}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 19}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 11}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 17}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 21}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 36}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 30}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-10T12:16:21.823007', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}