Publication Information

{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2091158363', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2006.01.055', 'title': 'Spatial distribution of moderated neutrons along a Pb target irradiated by high-energy protons', 'display_name': 'Spatial distribution of moderated neutrons along a Pb target irradiated by high-energy protons', 'publication_year': 2006, 'publication_date': '2006-02-20', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2091158363', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2006.01.055', 'mag': '2091158363'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2006.01.055', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S145630073', 'display_name': 'Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment', 'issn_l': '0168-9002', 'issn': ['0168-9002', '1872-9576'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5087143901', 'display_name': 'M. Fragopoulou', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I21370196', 'display_name': 'Aristotle University of Thessaloniki', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02j61yw88', 'country_code': 'GR', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I21370196']}], 'countries': ['GR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'M. Fragopoulou', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Physics Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Physics Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I21370196']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5017055533', 'display_name': 'M. Manolopoulou', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0099-0580'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I21370196', 'display_name': 'Aristotle University of Thessaloniki', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02j61yw88', 'country_code': 'GR', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I21370196']}], 'countries': ['GR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'M. Manolopoulou', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Physics Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Physics Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I21370196']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5051113905', 'display_name': 'S. Stoulos', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2782-0709'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I21370196', 'display_name': 'Aristotle University of Thessaloniki', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02j61yw88', 'country_code': 'GR', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I21370196']}], 'countries': ['GR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'S. Stoulos', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Physics Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Physics Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I21370196']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5036979736', 'display_name': 'R. Brandt', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I161103922', 'display_name': 'Philipps University of Marburg', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01rdrb571', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I161103922']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'R. Brandt', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Philipps Universitat, 35032 Marburg, Germany'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Philipps Universitat, 35032 Marburg, Germany', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I161103922']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5004227128', 'display_name': 'W. Westmeier', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I161103922', 'display_name': 'Philipps University of Marburg', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01rdrb571', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I161103922']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'W. Westmeier', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Philipps Universitat, 35032 Marburg, Germany'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Philipps Universitat, 35032 Marburg, Germany', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I161103922']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5031602272', 'display_name': 'B.A. Kulakov', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I32699454', 'display_name': 'Joint Institute for Nuclear Research', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/044yd9t77', 'country_code': 'RU', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I32699454']}], 'countries': ['RU'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'B.A. Kulakov', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980, Dubna(Russian Federation)'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980, Dubna(Russian Federation)', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I32699454']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5074663340', 'display_name': 'M.I. Krivopustov', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I32699454', 'display_name': 'Joint Institute for Nuclear Research', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/044yd9t77', 'country_code': 'RU', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I32699454']}], 'countries': ['RU'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'M.I. Krivopustov', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980, Dubna(Russian Federation)'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980, Dubna(Russian Federation)', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I32699454']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5038840130', 'display_name': 'A. N. Sosnin', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4942-5141'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I32699454', 'display_name': 'Joint Institute for Nuclear Research', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/044yd9t77', 'country_code': 'RU', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I32699454']}], 'countries': ['RU'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'A.N. Sosnin', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980, Dubna(Russian Federation)'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980, Dubna(Russian Federation)', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I32699454']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5008780568', 'display_name': 'M. Debeauvais', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210153191', 'display_name': 'Institut de recherches économiques et sociales', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04mb2v544', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'other', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210153191']}], 'countries': ['FR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'M. Debeauvais', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['IReS, Strasbourg Cedex 2, 67037, France'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'IReS, Strasbourg Cedex 2, 67037, France', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210153191']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5001740515', 'display_name': 'J.C. Adloff', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210153191', 'display_name': 'Institut de recherches économiques et sociales', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04mb2v544', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'other', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210153191']}], 'countries': ['FR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'J.C. Adloff', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['IReS, Strasbourg Cedex 2, 67037, France'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'IReS, Strasbourg Cedex 2, 67037, France', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210153191']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5060637589', 'display_name': 'M. Zamani Valasiadou', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I21370196', 'display_name': 'Aristotle University of Thessaloniki', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02j61yw88', 'country_code': 'GR', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I21370196']}], 'countries': ['GR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'M. Zamani Valasiadou', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Physics Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Physics Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I21370196']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 4, 'institutions_distinct_count': 4, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 2690, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 2690, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 2.665, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 9, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.796566, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 81, 'max': 82}, 'biblio': {'volume': '560', 'issue': '2', 'first_page': '571', 'last_page': '576'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10597', 'display_name': 'Nuclear Reactor Technology and Development', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2202', 'display_name': 'Aerospace Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10597', 'display_name': 'Nuclear Reactor Technology and Development', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2202', 'display_name': 'Aerospace Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11949', 'display_name': 'Neutron Imaging and Analysis Techniques', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3108', 'display_name': 'Radiation'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11176', 'display_name': 'Particle Therapy for Cancer Treatment', 'score': 0.999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2740', 'display_name': 'Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/neutron-activation-analysis', 'display_name': 'Neutron Activation Analysis', 'score': 0.539285}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/neutron-imaging', 'display_name': 'Neutron Imaging', 'score': 0.51201}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/neutron-transport', 'display_name': 'Neutron Transport', 'score': 0.509531}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/high-energy', 'display_name': 'High energy', 'score': 0.4326525}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C111337013', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2737837', 'display_name': 'Irradiation', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.660327}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C152568617', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2348', 'display_name': 'Neutron', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6272863}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185544564', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197', 'display_name': 'Nuclear physics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.5757534}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C177322064', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750955', 'display_name': 'Radiochemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.4505818}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C186370098', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787', 'display_name': 'Energy (signal processing)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.44341847}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.43407798}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2985973956', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1617745', 'display_name': 'High energy', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4326525}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777016058', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574061', 'display_name': 'Spatial distribution', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.43136454}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C192562407', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736', 'display_name': 'Materials science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.3941422}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C184779094', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26383', 'display_name': 'Atomic physics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.2821149}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.19529536}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33923547', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395', 'display_name': 'Mathematics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.07488978}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C105795698', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483', 'display_name': 'Statistics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.07395655}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C62520636', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944', 'display_name': 'Quantum mechanics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2006.01.055', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S145630073', 'display_name': 'Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment', 'issn_l': '0168-9002', 'issn': ['0168-9002', '1872-9576'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7', 'display_name': 'Affordable and clean energy', 'score': 0.9}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 17, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1589735042', 'https://openalex.org/W1985260347', 'https://openalex.org/W1992566495', 'https://openalex.org/W2000516138', 'https://openalex.org/W2008757891', 'https://openalex.org/W2022491280', 'https://openalex.org/W2032652930', 'https://openalex.org/W2046649060', 'https://openalex.org/W2055949162', 'https://openalex.org/W2058942155', 'https://openalex.org/W2059791279', 'https://openalex.org/W2078908030', 'https://openalex.org/W2087833951', 'https://openalex.org/W2091241602', 'https://openalex.org/W2106127828', 'https://openalex.org/W2315921178', 'https://openalex.org/W2317379138'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4378695524', 'https://openalex.org/W3013965153', 'https://openalex.org/W3013459456', 'https://openalex.org/W2792022317', 'https://openalex.org/W2647984727', 'https://openalex.org/W2088293639', 'https://openalex.org/W2041293770', 'https://openalex.org/W2028845685', 'https://openalex.org/W2015250514', 'https://openalex.org/W1929710491'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'High-energy': [0], 'protons': [1], 'in': [2, 23, 86], 'the': [3, 27, 39, 50, 58, 78, 82, 87, 92, 99, 104, 111], 'range': [4], 'of': [5, 57, 98, 110], '0.5–7.4': [6], 'GeV': [7], 'have': [8], 'irradiated': [9], 'an': [10], 'extended': [11], 'Pb': [12, 29], 'target': [13, 88], 'covered': [14], 'with': [15, 70, 133], 'a': [16, 108, 134], 'paraffin': [17, 51, 93], 'moderator.': [18], 'The': [19, 96], 'moderator': [20, 52, 105], 'was': [21, 61], 'used': [22], 'order': [24], 'to': [25, 33, 37, 122, 136], 'shift': [26], 'hard': [28], 'spallation': [30, 83], 'neutron': [31, 74, 84, 101, 117], 'spectrum': [32, 75], 'lower': [34], 'energies': [35, 129], 'and': [36, 48, 73, 89], 'increase': [38], 'transmutation': [40], 'efficiency': [41], 'via': [42], '(n,γ)': [43], 'reactions.': [44], 'Neutron': [45], 'distributions': [46], 'along': [47], 'inside': [49], 'were': [53], 'measured.': [54], 'An': [55], 'analysis': [56], 'experimental': [59], 'results': [60], 'performed': [62], 'based': [63], 'on': [64, 103], 'particle': [65], 'production': [66, 85], 'by': [67, 77], 'high-energy': [68], 'interactions': [69], 'heavy': [71], 'targets': [72], 'shifting': [76], 'paraffin.': [79], 'Conclusions': [80], 'about': [81], 'moderation': [90], 'through': [91], 'are': [94], 'presented.': [95], 'study': [97], 'total': [100], 'fluence': [102], 'surface': [106], 'as': [107], 'function': [109], 'proton': [112, 127], 'beam': [113, 128], 'energy': [114], 'shows': [115], 'that': [116], 'cost': [118], 'is': [119], 'improved': [120], 'up': [121], '1': [123], 'GeV.': [124], 'For': [125], 'higher': [126], 'it': [130], 'remains': [131], 'constant': [132], 'tendency': [135], 'decline.': [137]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2091158363', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-19T00:31:40.864852', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}