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1173], 'have': [276, 595, 628, 655, 831, 873, 884, 913, 1154, 1615], 'documented': [277, 917, 1423], 'they': [279, 312, 580, 1146], 'do': [280, 1152, 1230], 'overlap': [281], 'territory.Lewis': [283], 'postulated': [284], 'one': [286, 1563], 'portion': [287], 'widely': [290, 481, 780, 832], 'branching': [291, 482, 781], 'responded': [294], 'injury,': [297], 'action': [300, 453, 474, 1387], 'potentials': [301, 475, 1388], 'were': [302, 345, 784], 'carried,': [303], 'antidromically': [304, 1390], 'other': [306, 325, 477, 757, 1118, 1371, 1596, 2269], 'branches': [307, 485, 1004], 'where': [311], 'liberated': [313], 'chemical': [315, 599], 'substance': [316], 'caused': [318], 'enhanced': [322, 731], 'sensitivity': [323, 1116], 'axons': [327, 509, 527, 572, 657, 835], 'responsible': [328], '(see': [331, 794], 'Fig.': [332], '1).': [333], 'This': [334, 1196, 1336, 1379, 1400, 1440], 'antidromic': [335, 1401, 1799], 'was': [337, 355], 'termed': [338], '"axon': [340], 'reflex."': [341], 'That': [342, 2363], 'spreading': [346], 'suggested': [356, 662, 738, 1030], 'because': [357, 635, 684, 1201], 'anesthetizing': [358], 'narrow': [360], 'band': [361], 'blocked': [364], 'spread': [366, 1268, 1785, 1847], 'beyond': [371], 'band.': [373], 'LaMotte': [374, 394, 1032, 1251, 2205], '(1991)': [377, 1254], 'confirmed': [378], 'extended': [380], 'findings': [382, 397], 'using': [383], 'capsaicin,': [384], 'instead': [385], 'initiate': [389, 1386], 'hyperalgesia.': [391, 591, 1195, 1250, 1419, 1543, 2134], "Lewis'": [392, 720, 820, 1322, 1466, 1630], "al.s'": [396], 'place': [398], 'constraints': [399], 'types': [402, 415, 2119], 'function': [408, 1047], '"nocifensors"': [411, 1034], 'convey': [421, 615, 1868], 'interpreted': [425], 'CNS.': [430], 'fig.': [431], "1.Lewis'": [432], 'system': [434, 822, 1324, 1632], 'with': [435, 806, 836, 1067, 1086, 1261, 1444, 1465, 2340], 'Sera': [436], '(2004)': [439, 949], 'conclusions': [440], 'included.': [441], 'CMi,': [442], 'mechanically': [444, 876], 'axon;': [447], 'arrows': [448], 'point': [449], 'direction': [451], 'potential': [454, 838], 'conduction': [455, 1290], 'effector': [459, 1087], 'axons.': [462], 'Capsaicin': [463], 'injection': [464, 951, 1273, 1874, 2157], '(cloud': [465, 488], '•)': [467], 'activates': [468], 'nocifensor': [471, 821, 940, 1323, 1631], 'carries': [473], 'portions': [478], 'axon.': [483], 'liberate': [486, 1101], 'chemokines': [487, 503, 1102, 1408], '○)': [490], 'causes': [492, 1404], 'dilate': [496, 749], 'edema': [498], 'flare.': [500], 'These': [501, 829, 872, 881], 'same': [502, 587, 1007, 1044], 'sensitize': [504, 570, 756, 964], 'activate': [506, 962], 'adjacent': [507], 'CMi': [508, 1138, 1613], 'now': [511], 'respond': [512, 843], 'heat': [514, 538, 548, 683, 687, 869, 1055, 1129, 1686], 'mechanical': [516, 540, 550, 631, 696, 851, 1136, 1158, 1191], 'stimuli.Download': [517], 'figureDownload': [518], 'PowerPoint': [519], 'nocifensors': [522], 'would': [523, 621], '1)': [524, 622, 1076], 'be': [525, 531, 680, 861, 991, 994, 1062, 1622, 1629, 1635], '(C': [528], 'fibers);': [529], '2)': [530, 627, 1121], 'largely': [532], 'chemoreceptive,': [533], 'less': [535, 1065], 'responsive': [536, 546, 681, 2061], 'stimuli,': [541], 'but': [542, 853, 932, 1275], 'become': [544], 'more': [545, 669, 1063], 'stimuli': [551, 852, 865], 'after': [552, 733, 1160, 1691, 1872, 2187], 'injury;': [553], '3)': [554, 653, 1162], 'branch': [555], 'widely,': [556], 'over': [557], '≥5': [558], 'cm': [559], 'forearm;': [565], '4)': [567, 679], 'excite': [568], 'conveying': [573, 1051], 'CNS,': [578, 1493], 'must': [581, 1308], 'similarly': [582], 'vasodilation': [584], 'territory': [588], 'others': [594, 667], 'presumed': [596], 'mediator': [600], 'performs': [602], 'functions': [606], 'released': [608], 'fibers.The': [611], 'CNS': [620, 1240, 1301, 1310, 1530], 'access': [623], 'system;': [626], 'very': [629, 1156, 1206], 'low': [630, 1157, 1189, 1207], 'thresholds': [632], 'lightly': [636], 'stroking': [637], 'can': [640, 860, 990], 'least': [645, 741, 1053, 1222], 'part': [646, 1133], 'zone': [649], 'hyperalgesia;': [652], 'probably': [654], 'myelinated': [656, 1150, 1166, 1226, 2239], '[LaMotte': [658], '(1991a)': [661], 'A': [663, 968, 1180, 2318], 'delta': [664], 'axons,': [665, 672], 'while': [666], 'suggest': [668, 1174], 'rapidly': [670], 'conducting': [671, 896], 'e.g.,': [673, 762], 'Torebjork': [674, 2018], '(1992)];': [677], 'noted': [689], 'punctuate': [695], 'stimuli.Numerous': [697], 'experiments': [698, 1450, 1467], 'years': [700], 'up': [701], 'until': [702, 942, 1476], 'had': [704, 769, 957, 1481], 'failed': [705], 'find': [707], 'classes': [708, 909, 934, 2059], 'fit': [713], 'criteria': [715, 818, 1029], 'parsimoniously': [718], 'explain': [719, 1142, 1185], "others'": [722], 'observations': [723], 'nature': [726], 'flare,': [728], 'edema,': [729], 'injury.The': [735], 'previous': [736, 1656], 'literature': [737], 'some': [742, 815, 1296], 'contain': [745], 'substances': [746], 'directly': [753], 'indirectly': [755], 'nociceptors': [758, 1364, 1690, 1790, 1974, 2065, 2096, 2240], '(substance': [759], 'P,': [760], 'etc.,': [761], 'Brain': [763, 1937, 2035], '1997': [764], 'review).': [766], 'However,': [767], 'C-nociceptors': [768], 'small': [770], 'discrete': [771], 'receptive': [772, 776, 839, 1210, 1395, 1968], 'fields': [773, 777, 1396, 1969], 'not': [774, 785, 936, 958, 1149, 1153, 1265, 1461, 1473, 1546], 'large': [775, 837, 1209], 'created': [778], 'afferents,': [782], 'activated': [786, 995], 'sensitized': [788, 862, 992], 'remote': [790, 950, 955], 'chemicals': [793], 'review': [795], 'Perl': [797], '1996).Recently,': [798], 'unique': [807, 885, 929], 'properties': [808, 897, 1619], 'identified': [811], 'does': [813], 'fulfill': [814], '(e.g.,': [823, 972], 'Schmidt': [824, 1606, 1950, 1984], '1995,': [827], '2002).': [828], 'branching,': [833], 'fields.': [840], 'They': [841], 'normally': [842], 'poorly': [844, 1074], 'if': [845, 1225, 1562], 'all': [847, 1533, 1641], 'moderately': [849], 'noxious': [850, 857, 868], 'chemosensitive': [855], 'agents': [858], 'damaging': [864], 'chemicals.': [871], '(CMi).': [880], 'electrophysiological': [886], 'characteristics': [887, 1933], 'suggesting': [888], 'specialized': [889], 'contributions': [890], 'excitatory': [892], 'channels': [893], 'their': [895, 1739, 2127], '(described': [898], 'Bostock': [900, 2113], '2003;': [903], '2004).': [907], 'Other': [908], 'also': [914, 1242], 'humans,': [919], 'including': [920], 'low-threshold': [921], 'mechanoreceptive': [922, 2212], 'C-fibers': [926], 'itch,': [931], 'candidates': [937], 'system.However,': [941], 'study': [944], 'injuries': [956], 'reported': [960, 1125], 'any': [965], 'type': [966], 'nociceptor': [971, 2122, 2433], 'Schmelz': [973, 2047, 2082], '2000a,b).': [976], 'present': [978], 'provides': [980], 'evidence': [981], "CMi's": [983, 986, 1094, 1124], 'among': [987], 'placed': [998], 'CMi.': [1008], 'demonstrate': [1012], 'axon': [1022, 1995], 'three': [1025], 'four': [1028], 'capable': [1035, 1107], 'initiating': [1037], 'hyperalgesia,': [1041, 1130, 1137, 1235], 'may': [1046, 1184, 1199, 1532, 1570, 1634], 'determined': [1060], 'co-extensive': [1066], 'flare.Several': [1068], 'aspects': [1069], 'remain': [1073], 'understood.': [1075], 'While': [1077, 1122], 'it': [1078, 1236, 1494, 1507], 'clear': [1080], 'there': [1082], 'chemicals,': [1088], 'proof': [1089], 'needed': [1092], 'particular': [1096], 'act': [1097], '"effectors"': [1099], 'cytokines': [1104], 'increased': [1110], 'flow': [1112, 2409], 'enhancing': [1114], 'nociceptors.': [1120], 'here': [1126], 'mediate': [1128, 1994], 'possibly': [1132], 'cannot': [1140], 'entirely': [1141], 'obviously': [1148], 'threshold': [1159, 1190], 'sensitization.': [1161], 'role': [1164, 1246, 1536, 1740], 'unclear.': [1169], 'Woodbury': [1170], 'Koerber,': [1172], 'high-threshold': [1182], 'mechanoreceptor': [1183], 'contribution': [1187], 'input': [1192, 1298, 2213], 'group': [1198, 1344, 1421], 'threshold,': [1208], 'fields,': [1211], 'terminates': [1213], 'nociceptive': [1215, 2390], 'regions': [1216], 'spinal': [1219, 1377], 'cord,': [1220], 'mice.Even': [1224], 'nociceptor-like': [1227], 'likely': [1238, 1497], 'play': [1243, 1534], 'major': [1245, 1637], 'long-term,': [1248], 'demonstrated': [1255], 'blocking': [1257, 1425, 1456], 'proximal': [1259], 'anesthetic': [1263], 'did': [1264, 1276, 1460, 1472], 'prevent': [1266, 1277], 'development': [1279], '1–3': [1282], 'h': [1283], 'later': [1284], '(at': [1285], 'time': [1287, 1577], 'recovered': [1291], 'anesthetic).': [1294], 'Thus': [1295, 1506], 'critical': [1297], 'during': [1302], 'initiation': [1304, 1539], 'alter': [1309], 'neurons': [1311], 'encoding': [1312], 'inputs': [1314, 1361], 'hyperalgesic': [1317], 'region.An': [1318], 'alternative': [1319], 'mechanism': [1320], 'production': [1327], 'involves': [1332], 'dorsal': [1333, 1431, 1526, 1869], 'root': [1334, 1527, 1870], 'reflexes.': [1335], 'hypothesis': [1337, 1358], 'received': [1339], 'experimental': [1340], 'support': [1341], "Willis'": [1343, 1420], '(Lin': [1345], '2000,': [1348], '2004)': [1349], 'Cevero': [1352], '(2003).': [1355], 'Essentially,': [1356], 'lead': [1365], 'strong': [1367, 1383], 'presynaptic': [1368, 1380, 1766], 'depolarization': [1369, 1381], 'cord.': [1378], 'enough': [1384], 'propagate': [1391], 'peripheral': [1394, 1478, 1524, 1692, 1903], 'fibers.': [1399], 'activity': [1402], 'then': [1403], 'liberation': [1406], 'nearby': [1415, 1795], 'central': [1427, 1457], 'trunks': [1429, 1459], 'roots': [1432], 'blocks': [1433], 'rats.': [1439, 1878], 'odds': [1443], "LaMotte's": [1445], '(LaMotte': [1446], '1991)': [1449], 'human': [1452, 1722, 1971, 1999, 2026, 2067, 2098, 2124, 2159, 2406, 2432], 'subjects': [1453], 'showing': [1454, 1468], 'block': [1462, 1474], 'cutting': [1470], 'nerves': [1471], 'degenerated.Given': [1482], 'complex': [1484], 'seemingly': [1485], 'often': [1486], 'redundant': [1487], 'processing': [1488, 2210], 'quite': [1496], 'mediated': [1501], 'several,': [1503], 'parallel': [1504], 'pathways.': [1505], 'possible': [1509], 'C-': [1512], 'A-fiber': [1514], 'pathways': [1515, 1566], 'participate': [1516], 'transmission': [1519], 'mechanisms,': [1525], 'reflexes,': [1528], 'plasticity': [1531], 'maintenance': [1541], 'It': [1544], 'unlikely,': [1547], 'given': [1549, 1575], 'urgency': [1551], 'protection': [1557], 'organism,': [1560], 'blocked,': [1568], 'another': [1569], 'compensate': [1571], 'loss': [1574], 'proper': [1579], 'conditions': [1580], 'compensation.In': [1582], 'summary,': [1583], 'target': [1585], 'article': [1586], 'issue': [1589, 2443], 'Journal': [1591, 1598, 2326], 'Neurophysiology': [1593, 1600], 'adds': [1594], 'recent': [1597], 'articles': [1601], '(Andrew': [1602], 'Greenspan': [1604, 1682], '1999;': [1605], '2002)': [1609], 'demonstrating': [1611], 'most': [1616], 'required': [1620, 1627], 'sensors': [1624], 'effectors': [1626], 'contributor': [1638], 'too': [1642], 'familiar': [1643], 'observed': [1645], 'hyperalgesia.Thanks': [1648], 'Dr.': [1650], 'P.': [1651], 'Mason': [1652], 'reading': [1654], 'draft': [1657], 'manuscript': [1660], 'recommending': [1662], 'revision.GRANTSDr.': [1663], 'Light': [1664], 'supported': [1666], 'National': [1668], 'Institute': [1669], 'Neurological': [1671], 'Disorders': [1672], 'Stroke': [1674], 'Grant': [1675], 'P01': [1676], 'NS-039420.': [1677], 'References': [1678], 'Andrew': [1679], 'D': [1680], 'JD.': [1683], 'Mechanical': [1684], 'cutaneous': [1689, 1843, 1912], 'inflammation': [1693, 1742], 'rat.': [1696], 'J': [1697, 1724, 1771, 1802, 1829, 1879, 2069, 2100, 2135, 2161, 2220, 2251], 'Neurophysiol': [1698, 1830, 1880, 2101, 2136, 2162], '82:': [1699], '2649–2656,': [1700], '1999.Link': [1701], '|': [1702, 1704, 1729, 1731, 1733, 1750, 1752, 1754, 1776, 1778, 1780, 1807, 1809, 1811, 1834, 1836, 1884, 1886, 1922, 1924, 1926, 1942, 1944, 1946, 2005, 2007, 2009, 2039, 2041, 2043, 2074, 2076, 2078, 2105, 2107, 2140, 2142, 2166, 2168, 2194, 2196, 2198, 2225, 2227, 2229, 2256, 2258, 2260, 2324, 2349], 'ISI': [1703, 1732, 1753, 1779, 1810, 1835, 1885, 1925, 1945, 2008, 2042, 2077, 2106, 2141, 2167, 2197, 2228, 2259], 'Google': [1705, 1734, 1755, 1781, 1812, 1837, 1887, 1927, 1947, 2010, 2044, 2079, 2108, 2143, 2169, 2199, 2230, 2261], 'ScholarBostock': [1706], 'H,': [1707, 2114, 2171], 'Campero': [1708, 2111, 2146], 'M,': [1709, 1949, 1953, 1979, 2012, 2048, 2052, 2083, 2112, 2147], 'J,': [1711, 1895, 2110, 2145], 'Ochoa': [1713, 2116, 2149], 'J.': [1714, 2117, 2150], 'Velocity': [1715], 'recovery': [1716], 'cycles': [1717], 'innervating': [1721], 'skin.': [1723, 1972, 2068, 2099, 2160], 'Physiol': [1725, 1803, 2221], '553:': [1726], '649–663,': [1727], '2003.Crossref': [1728, 1775, 2193, 2255], 'PubMed': [1730, 1751, 1777, 1808, 1923, 1943, 2006, 2040, 2075, 2195, 2226, 2257], 'ScholarBrain': [1735], 'SD.': [1736], 'Sensory': [1737], 'neuropeptides:': [1738], 'wound': [1744], 'healing.': [1745], 'Immunopharmacology': [1746], '37:': [1747], '133–152,': [1748], '1997.Crossref': [1749], 'ScholarCervero': [1756], 'F,': [1757], 'Laird': [1758], 'JM,': [1759], 'Garcia-Nicas': [1761], 'E.': [1762], 'inhibition:': [1767], 'update.': [1769], 'Eur': [1770], 'Pain': [1772, 2190], '7:': [1773], '345–351,': [1774], 'ScholarFitzgerald': [1782], 'M.': [1783], 'polymodal': [1789, 1931], 'rabbit': [1793], 'stimulation.': [1801], '297:': [1804], '207–216,': [1805], '1979.Crossref': [1806], 'ScholarLaMotte': [1813], 'RH,': [1814], 'Shain': [1815], 'CN,': [1816], 'Simone': [1817], 'DA,': [1818], 'Tsai': [1820], 'EF.': [1821], 'Neurogenic': [1822], 'hyperalgesia:': [1823, 2317], 'psychophysical': [1824], 'studies': [1825], 'underlying': [1827], 'mechanisms.': [1828], '66:': [1831], '190–211,': [1832], '1991.Link': [1833], 'ScholarLewis': [1838], 'T.': [1839], 'Experiments': [1840], 'relating': [1841], 'its': [1846], 'through': [1848], 'somatic': [1849], 'nerves.': [1850], 'Clin': [1851], 'Sci': [1852], '2:': [1853], '373–421,': [1854], '1936.Google': [1855], 'ScholarLin': [1856, 1888], 'Q,': [1857, 1889], 'Zou': [1858, 1890], 'X,': [1859, 1891], 'Willis': [1861, 1899], 'WD.': [1862, 1900], 'Adelta': [1863], 'reflexes': [1871], 'intradermal': [1873, 1916, 2155, 2188], '84:': [1881], '2695–2698,': [1882], '2000.Link': [1883], 'Ren': [1892], 'Y,': [1893], 'Wang': [1894], 'Fang': [1896], 'L,': [1897], 'Involvement': [1901], 'neuropeptide': [1904], 'y': [1905], 'receptors': [1906], 'sympathetic': [1908], 'modulation': [1909], 'acute': [1911], 'induced': [1914], 'capsaicin.': [1917, 2189], 'Neuroscience': [1918], '123:': [1919, 2036], '337–347,': [1920], '2004.Crossref': [1921], 'ScholarPerl': [1928], 'ER.': [1929], 'Cutaneous': [1930], 'receptors:': [1932], 'plasticity.': [1935], 'Prog': [1936], 'Res': [1938], '113:': [1939], '21–37,': [1940], '1996.Crossref': [1941], 'ScholarSchmelz': [1948, 1978, 2011], 'R,': [1951, 1985, 2014, 2046, 2081], 'Ringkamp': [1952, 2051], 'Forster': [1954, 2049], 'C,': [1955, 1983, 2050, 2085], 'Handwerker': [1956, 1989, 2015, 2056, 2086], 'HO,': [1957, 2016, 2087], 'Torebjörk': [1959, 1986, 2053, 2089], 'HE.': [1960, 2019], 'Limitation': [1961], 'parts': [1966], '109:': [1975], '141–147,': [1976], '1996.Google': [1977], 'Michael': [1980], 'K,': [1981], 'Weidner': [1982, 2084], 'HE,': [1987, 2201], 'HO.': [1990], 'Which': [1991], 'reflex': [1996], 'skin?': [2000], 'Neuroreport': [2001], '11:': [2002], '645–648,': [2003], '2000a.Crossref': [2004], 'Schmid': [2013], 'Encoding': [2020], 'burning': [2022], 'capsaicin-treated': [2025], 'two': [2029], 'categories': [2030], 'fibres.': [2034], '560–571,': [2037], '2000b.Crossref': [2038], 'ScholarSchmidt': [2045, 2080], 'H-E,': [2054], 'H.': [2057], 'Novel': [2058], 'unresponsive': [2063], 'Neurosci': [2070, 2252], '15:': [2071], '333–341,': [2072], '1995.Crossref': [2073], 'H-E.': [2090], 'Innervation': [2091], 'territories': [2092], 'mechano-insensitive': [2094], '88:': [2102], '1859–1866,': [2103], '2002.Link': [2104], 'ScholarSerra': [2109, 2144], 'Two': [2118], 'behavior': [2128], 'areas': [2130, 2313], 'capsaicin-induced': [2132, 2215], '91:': [2137], '2770–2781,': [2138], '2004.Link': [2139], 'Flare': [2151], 'following': [2154], '80:': [2163], '2801–2810,': [2164], '1998.Link': [2165], 'ScholarSumikura': [2170], 'Andersen': [2172], 'OK,': [2173], 'Drewes': [2174], 'AM,': [2175], 'Arendt-Nielsen': [2177], 'L.': [2178], 'Spatial': [2179], 'temporal': [2181], 'profiles': [2182], '105:': [2191], '285–291,': [2192], 'ScholarTorebjörk': [2200], 'Lundberg': [2202], 'LE,': [2203], 'RH.': [2206], 'Central': [2207], 'changes': [2208], 'humans.': [2219], '448:': [2222], '765–780,': [2223], '1992.Crossref': [2224], 'ScholarWoodbury': [2231], 'CJ': [2232], 'Koerber': [2234], 'HR.': [2235], 'Widespread': [2236], 'projections': [2237], 'throughout': [2241], 'substantia': [2243], 'gelatinosa': [2244], 'provide': [2245], 'novel': [2246], 'insights': [2247], 'into': [2248], 'neonatal': [2249], 'hypersensitivity.': [2250], '23:': [2253], '601–610,': [2254], 'ScholarAUTHOR': [2262], 'NOTES': [2263], 'Address': [2264], 'reprint': [2266], 'requests': [2267], 'correspondence:': [2270], 'A.': [2271], 'Light,': [2273], 'University': [2274], 'Depts.': [2277], '3C444': [2282], 'SOM,': [2283], '30N.': [2284], '1900': [2285], 'E.,': [2286], 'UT': [2290], '84132–2304': [2291], '(E-mail:': [2292], '[email': [2293], 'protected]).': [2294], 'Download': [2295], 'Previous': [2297], 'Back': [2298], 'Top': [2300], 'Next': [2301], 'FiguresReferencesRelatedInformation': [2302], 'Cited': [2303], 'ByHistaminergic': [2304], 'non-histaminergic': [2306], 'elicited': [2307], 'itch': [2308, 2422], 'attenuated': [2310], 'capsaicin-evoked': [2312], 'allodynia': [2315], 'healthy': [2319], 'volunteer': [2320], 'study17': [2321], 'February': [2322], 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