Publication Information

{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W1994963417', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1177/095624780301500104', 'title': 'Changing rural–urban linkages in Mali, Nigeria and Tanzania', 'display_name': 'Changing rural–urban linkages in Mali, Nigeria and Tanzania', 'publication_year': 2003, 'publication_date': '2003-04-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1994963417', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1177/095624780301500104', 'mag': '1994963417'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1177/095624780301500104', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S13622375', 'display_name': 'Environment and Urbanization', 'issn_l': '0956-2478', 'issn': ['0956-2478', '1746-0301'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320017', 'host_organization_name': 'SAGE Publishing', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320017'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['SAGE Publishing'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5030658924', 'display_name': 'Mahmoud Bah', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210119482', 'display_name': 'Mali-Folkecenter', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02gp6p739', 'country_code': 'ML', 'type': 'other', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210119482']}], 'countries': ['ML'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Mahmoud Bah', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['GRAD, BP 5075, Bamako, Mali, tel: 223-218873'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'GRAD, BP 5075, Bamako, Mali, tel: 223-218873', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210119482']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5075319491', 'display_name': 'Salmana Cissé', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210105938', 'display_name': "Institut d'Économie Rurale", 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01c5j0443', 'country_code': 'ML', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210105938']}], 'countries': ['ML'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Salmana CissÈ', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Rural Economics Institute in Mali (IER).'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Rural Economics Institute in Mali (IER).', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210105938']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5044708207', 'display_name': 'Bitrina Diyamett', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2801810276', 'display_name': 'Tanzania Commission for Science and Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03e04g978', 'country_code': 'TZ', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2801810276']}], 'countries': ['TZ'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Bitrina Diyamett', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Tanzania Commission for Science and Technology (COSTECH); African\r                        Technology Policy Studies Network (ATPS)'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Tanzania Commission for Science and Technology (COSTECH); African\r                        Technology Policy Studies Network (ATPS)', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2801810276']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5009315387', 'display_name': 'Gouro Diallo', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210119482', 'display_name': 'Mali-Folkecenter', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02gp6p739', 'country_code': 'ML', 'type': 'other', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210119482']}], 'countries': ['ML'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Gouro Diallo', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['GRAD, BP 5075, Bamako, Mali, tel: 223-218873'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'GRAD, BP 5075, Bamako, Mali, tel: 223-218873', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210119482']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5059291249', 'display_name': 'Fred Lerise', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Fred Lerise', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Urban and Rural Planning at the University College of Lands\r                        and Architectural Studies, Dar es Salaam.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Urban and Rural Planning at the University College of Lands\r                        and Architectural Studies, Dar es Salaam.', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5021820090', 'display_name': 'D. U. U. Okali', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': ['NG'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'David Okali', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['NGO Nigerian Environmental Study/Action Team (NEST); Ibadan, Nigeria.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'NGO Nigerian Environmental Study/Action Team (NEST); Ibadan, Nigeria.', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5004599524', 'display_name': 'Enoch Okpara', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I166934088', 'display_name': 'Imo State University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0257ekp23', 'country_code': 'NG', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I166934088']}], 'countries': ['NG'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Enoch Okpara', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Imo State University, Owerri, Nigeria.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Imo State University, Owerri, Nigeria.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I166934088']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5077760066', 'display_name': 'Janice Olawoye', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I181631907', 'display_name': 'University of Ibadan', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03wx2rr30', 'country_code': 'NG', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I181631907']}], 'countries': ['NG'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Janice Olawoye', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, University of\r                        Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; NGO Nigerian Environmental Study/Action Team\r                        (NEST); Ibadan, Nigeria'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, University of\r                        Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; NGO Nigerian Environmental Study/Action Team\r                        (NEST); Ibadan, Nigeria', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I181631907']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5041536245', 'display_name': 'Cecilia Tacoli', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8638-7469'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I201952051', 'display_name': 'International Institute for Environment and Development', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02srvn192', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I201952051']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Cecilia Tacoli', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['IIED, 3 Endsleigh Street, London WC1H 0DD'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'IIED, 3 Endsleigh Street, London WC1H 0DD', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I201952051']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 4, 'institutions_distinct_count': 6, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 14.387, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 121, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.99238, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 96, 'max': 97}, 'biblio': {'volume': '15', 'issue': '1', 'first_page': '13', 'last_page': '24'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12147', 'display_name': 'Challenges of Urban Poverty and Development', 'score': 0.9901, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3322', 'display_name': 'Urban Studies'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12147', 'display_name': 'Challenges of Urban Poverty and Development', 'score': 0.9901, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3322', 'display_name': 'Urban Studies'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10349', 'display_name': 'Migration Networks and Impacts on Labor Market', 'score': 0.9039, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3312', 'display_name': 'Sociology and Political Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-and-migration', 'display_name': 'Gender and Migration', 'score': 0.456965}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779357621', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q655495', 'display_name': 'Tanzania', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.80971515}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C3987366', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6658164', 'display_name': 'Livelihood', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.7601721}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C205649164', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071', 'display_name': 'Geography', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.60084796}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C180916674', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3711935', 'display_name': 'Diversification (marketing strategy)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5519931}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C50522688', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833', 'display_name': 'Economic growth', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.5281698}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C129047720', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175185', 'display_name': 'Rural area', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.500123}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C45355965', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1643441', 'display_name': 'Socioeconomics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.45605063}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C118518473', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451', 'display_name': 'Agriculture', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.42910483}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C26271046', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187097', 'display_name': 'Economic geography', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.32441872}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144133560', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453', 'display_name': 'Business', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.29591042}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C91375879', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274', 'display_name': 'Environmental planning', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.2704727}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162324750', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134', 'display_name': 'Economics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.16015312}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17744445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442', 'display_name': 'Political science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.15140137}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199539241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748', 'display_name': 'Law', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C166957645', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498', 'display_name': 'Archaeology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162853370', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809', 'display_name': 'Marketing', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1177/095624780301500104', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S13622375', 'display_name': 'Environment and Urbanization', 'issn_l': '0956-2478', 'issn': ['0956-2478', '1746-0301'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320017', 'host_organization_name': 'SAGE Publishing', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320017'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['SAGE Publishing'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 2, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1521782900', 'https://openalex.org/W3150749657'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4379057095', 'https://openalex.org/W4313189650', 'https://openalex.org/W4205988661', 'https://openalex.org/W3158343928', 'https://openalex.org/W2471046787', 'https://openalex.org/W2289265827', 'https://openalex.org/W2181928180', 'https://openalex.org/W2119451058', 'https://openalex.org/W2050846080', 'https://openalex.org/W2003949124'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'This': [0], 'paper': [1, 60], 'compares': [2], 'and': [3, 19, 41, 48, 51, 56, 79, 86, 91, 105, 113, 121, 131, 133, 136, 153], 'contrasts': [4], 'changing': [5, 103], 'rural–urban': [6], 'linkages': [7], 'drawing': [8], 'on': [9, 45, 52], 'research': [10, 25], 'in': [11, 16, 35, 63, 150], 'six': [12], 'case': [13, 146], 'study': [14], 'areas': [15], 'Mali,': [17], 'Nigeria': [18], 'Tanzania.': [20], 'The': [21, 59], 'aim': [22], 'of': [23, 32, 39, 69, 94, 118, 144, 156], 'the': [24, 33, 37, 67, 92, 124, 142, 145, 151], 'was': [26], 'to': [27, 75, 77, 89, 129, 134], 'gain': [28], 'a': [29], 'better': [30], 'understanding': [31], 'ways': [34], 'which': [36], 'livelihoods': [38], 'rural': [40, 57, 104], 'urban': [42, 55, 70, 106, 148], 'households': [43], 'rely': [44], 'both': [46], 'rural-based': [47], 'urban-based': [49], 'resources,': [50], 'exchanges': [53], 'between': [54], 'areas.': [58], 'describes': [61], 'changes': [62], 'farming': [64], 'systems': [65], 'under': [66], 'impact': [68], 'expansion,': [71], 'with': [72, 127], 'special': [73], 'attention': [74], 'access': [76, 88], 'land': [78], 'other': [80], 'natural': [81], 'resources': [82], 'such': [83], 'as': [84, 108, 110], 'water,': [85], 'also': [87, 100], 'markets': [90], 'role': [93, 143], 'traders,': [95], 'especially': [96, 123], 'small-scale': [97], 'operators.': [98], 'It': [99], 'examines': [101], 'how': [102], 'contexts,': [107, 115], 'well': [109], 'wider': [111], 'national': [112], 'regional': [114], 'affect': [116], 'patterns': [117], 'income': [119], 'diversification': [120], 'mobility,': [122], 'differential': [125], 'impacts': [126], 'regard': [128], 'women': [130], 'men': [132], 'young': [135], 'older': [137], 'people.': [138], 'Finally,': [139], 'it': [140], 'analyzes': [141], 'studies’': [147], 'centres': [149], 'economic': [152], 'social': [154], 'development': [155], 'their': [157], 'surrounding': [158], 'regions.': [159]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1994963417', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 12}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 13}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 4}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-14T15:49:39.650068', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}