Publication Information

{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W1575518095', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-a-004465783', 'title': 'Is Strong Reciprocity a Maladaptation? On the Evolutionary Foundations of Human Altruism', 'display_name': 'Is Strong Reciprocity a Maladaptation? On the Evolutionary Foundations of Human Altruism', 'publication_year': 2003, 'publication_date': '2003-02-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1575518095', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-a-004465783', 'mag': '1575518095'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'http://repec.iza.org/dp712.pdf', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210172589', 'display_name': 'SSRN Electronic Journal', 'issn_l': '1556-5068', 'issn': ['1556-5068'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1318003438', 'host_organization_name': 'RELX Group (Netherlands)', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1318003438'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['RELX Group (Netherlands)'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'posted-content', 'indexed_in': [], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5023874785', 'display_name': 'Ernst Fehr', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6325-7821'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I202697423', 'display_name': 'University of Zurich', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02crff812', 'country_code': 'CH', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I202697423']}], 'countries': ['CH'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Ernst Fehr', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Institute for Empirical Research in Economics, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Institute for Empirical Research in Economics, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I202697423']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5034266052', 'display_name': 'Joseph Henrich', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5012-0065'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I150468666', 'display_name': 'Emory University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03czfpz43', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I150468666']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Joseph Henrich', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Anthropology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, US'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Anthropology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, US', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I150468666']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 2, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 55.355, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 135, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.914708, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 97, 'max': 98}, 'biblio': {'volume': '140', 'issue': '140', 'first_page': None, 'last_page': None}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11252', 'display_name': 'Evolution of Cooperation and Altruism in Social Systems', 'score': 0.9993, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3312', 'display_name': 'Sociology and Political Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11252', 'display_name': 'Evolution of Cooperation and Altruism in Social Systems', 'score': 0.9993, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3312', 'display_name': 'Sociology and Political Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11118', 'display_name': 'Evolutionary Psychology of Human Behavior and Attraction', 'score': 0.9967, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3205', 'display_name': 'Experimental and Cognitive Psychology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/32', 'display_name': 'Psychology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10646', 'display_name': 'Social Preferences and Economic Behavior', 'score': 0.9961, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3311', 'display_name': 'Safety Research'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/maladaptation', 'display_name': 'Maladaptation', 'score': 0.74210954}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/strong-reciprocity', 'display_name': 'Strong reciprocity', 'score': 0.6749192}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/reciprocity', 'display_name': 'Reciprocity', 'score': 0.579441}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/indirect-reciprocity', 'display_name': 'Indirect Reciprocity', 'score': 0.541857}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/altruism', 'display_name': 'Altruism', 'score': 0.531541}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/trait', 'display_name': 'Trait', 'score': 0.5260218}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/reciprocal-altruism', 'display_name': 'Reciprocal altruism', 'score': 0.48674035}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/kin-selection', 'display_name': 'Kin selection', 'score': 0.4834743}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/norm-of-reciprocity', 'display_name': 'Norm of reciprocity', 'score': 0.47701836}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/reciprocal', 'display_name': 'Reciprocal', 'score': 0.47327065}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/generosity', 'display_name': 'Generosity', 'score': 0.4725575}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C169903001', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3264987', 'display_name': 'Reciprocity (cultural anthropology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.8555516}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780279448', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2559380', 'display_name': 'Altruism (biology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.84206676}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C182025440', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4864574', 'display_name': 'Maladaptation', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.74210954}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C31250377', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1509670', 'display_name': 'Strong reciprocity', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.6749192}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C77805123', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272', 'display_name': 'Social psychology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.5732522}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C106934330', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1971873', 'display_name': 'Trait', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5260218}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C119838172', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q429787', 'display_name': 'Reciprocal altruism', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.48674035}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C118084267', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26110', 'display_name': 'Positive economics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.48471522}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C23714114', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q741598', 'display_name': 'Kin selection', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4834743}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C10470442', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2107249', 'display_name': 'Norm of reciprocity', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.47701836}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777742833', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1964083', 'display_name': 'Reciprocal', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.47327065}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779861158', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1549811', 'display_name': 'Generosity', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4725575}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C15744967', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418', 'display_name': 'Psychology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.3727333}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162324750', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134', 'display_name': 'Economics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.34120685}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C175444787', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072', 'display_name': 'Microeconomics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.32878238}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144024400', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201', 'display_name': 'Sociology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.30826652}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C177142836', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44455', 'display_name': 'Game theory', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.20899633}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17744445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442', 'display_name': 'Political science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.20607775}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138885662', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891', 'display_name': 'Philosophy', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.11894053}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199539241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748', 'display_name': 'Law', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.113242626}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.11176112}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C68062652', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214693', 'display_name': 'Social capital', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41895202', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162', 'display_name': 'Linguistics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C202556891', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1584646', 'display_name': 'Repeated game', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C118552586', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867', 'display_name': 'Psychiatry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C19165224', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404', 'display_name': 'Anthropology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199360897', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143', 'display_name': 'Programming language', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'http://repec.iza.org/dp712.pdf', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210172589', 'display_name': 'SSRN Electronic Journal', 'issn_l': '1556-5068', 'issn': ['1556-5068'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1318003438', 'host_organization_name': 'RELX Group (Netherlands)', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1318003438'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['RELX Group (Netherlands)'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 83, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W143224158', 'https://openalex.org/W144590213', 'https://openalex.org/W1501626733', 'https://openalex.org/W1509607488', 'https://openalex.org/W1510095800', 'https://openalex.org/W1511496537', 'https://openalex.org/W1529800964', 'https://openalex.org/W1540126226', 'https://openalex.org/W1573195061', 'https://openalex.org/W1599656298', 'https://openalex.org/W1600265653', 'https://openalex.org/W1605323908', 'https://openalex.org/W1626837244', 'https://openalex.org/W1934703699', 'https://openalex.org/W1946412180', 'https://openalex.org/W1975560501', 'https://openalex.org/W1977765731', 'https://openalex.org/W2004218224', 'https://openalex.org/W2006081829', 'https://openalex.org/W2006469409', 'https://openalex.org/W2006758862', 'https://openalex.org/W2006982073', 'https://openalex.org/W2008121004', 'https://openalex.org/W2009498735', 'https://openalex.org/W2020069009', 'https://openalex.org/W2041701600', 'https://openalex.org/W2044288026', 'https://openalex.org/W2047032956', 'https://openalex.org/W2053398173', 'https://openalex.org/W2058708594', 'https://openalex.org/W2059536543', 'https://openalex.org/W2059604730', 'https://openalex.org/W2063792498', 'https://openalex.org/W2078095052', 'https://openalex.org/W2083211140', 'https://openalex.org/W2086320832', 'https://openalex.org/W2092936902', 'https://openalex.org/W2097068625', 'https://openalex.org/W2100136304', 'https://openalex.org/W2100185167', 'https://openalex.org/W2101418566', 'https://openalex.org/W2107666976', 'https://openalex.org/W2112132220', 'https://openalex.org/W2112133779', 'https://openalex.org/W2113419089', 'https://openalex.org/W2118927666', 'https://openalex.org/W2119522017', 'https://openalex.org/W2125364437', 'https://openalex.org/W2129135549', 'https://openalex.org/W2129688400', 'https://openalex.org/W2139538183', 'https://openalex.org/W2139842053', 'https://openalex.org/W2145210228', 'https://openalex.org/W2152634578', 'https://openalex.org/W2154715890', 'https://openalex.org/W2155753204', 'https://openalex.org/W2156391665', 'https://openalex.org/W2158393531', 'https://openalex.org/W2159358887', 'https://openalex.org/W2167030552', 'https://openalex.org/W2266794783', 'https://openalex.org/W2288139789', 'https://openalex.org/W2490982621', 'https://openalex.org/W2609022114', 'https://openalex.org/W2755650610', 'https://openalex.org/W2797483633', 'https://openalex.org/W3121358103', 'https://openalex.org/W3121776131', 'https://openalex.org/W3121976799', 'https://openalex.org/W3122674633', 'https://openalex.org/W3122867100', 'https://openalex.org/W3123067304', 'https://openalex.org/W3123402761', 'https://openalex.org/W3124277992', 'https://openalex.org/W3124942730', 'https://openalex.org/W3125314754', 'https://openalex.org/W3125385841', 'https://openalex.org/W3125558507', 'https://openalex.org/W3125634493', 'https://openalex.org/W3125750084', 'https://openalex.org/W3126073700', 'https://openalex.org/W3147844', 'https://openalex.org/W41156459'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W3022808291', 'https://openalex.org/W2167184469', 'https://openalex.org/W2167030552', 'https://openalex.org/W2159263165', 'https://openalex.org/W2155753204', 'https://openalex.org/W2152634578', 'https://openalex.org/W2139654121', 'https://openalex.org/W2129135549', 'https://openalex.org/W2115031154', 'https://openalex.org/W2109477759', 'https://openalex.org/W2103824522', 'https://openalex.org/W2083211140', 'https://openalex.org/W2063792498', 'https://openalex.org/W2062663664', 'https://openalex.org/W1926696317', 'https://openalex.org/W1788557488', 'https://openalex.org/W1581105654', 'https://openalex.org/W1548721862', 'https://openalex.org/W1519035736', 'https://openalex.org/W1513714488'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'strong': [0, 57, 69, 103], 'reciprocity': [1, 5, 49, 70], 'among': [2], 'humans.': [3], 'Strong': [4], 'means': [6], 'that': [7, 37, 65, 83, 92], 'people': [8], 'willingly': [9], 'repay': [10], 'gifts': [11], 'and': [12, 18, 33, 47], 'punish': [13], 'the': [14, 80], 'violation': [15], 'of': [16, 40, 56, 61, 102], 'cooperation': [17], 'fairness': [19], 'norms': [20], 'even': [21], 'in': [22], 'anonymous': [23], 'one-shot': [24], 'encounters': [25], 'with': [26], 'genetically': [27], 'unrelated': [28], 'strangers.': [29], 'We': [30], 'provide': [31, 52, 99], 'ethnographic': [32], 'experimental': [34], 'evidence': [35, 81], 'suggesting': [36], 'ultimate': [38, 100], 'theories': [39, 63], 'kin': [41], 'selection,': [42], 'reciprocal': [43], 'altruism,': [44], 'costly': [45], 'signalling': [46], 'indirect': [48], 'do': [50], 'not': [51], 'satisfactory': [53], 'evolutionary': [54, 94], 'explanations': [55], 'reciprocity.': [58, 104], 'The': [59], 'problem': [60], 'these': [62], 'is': [64, 74, 85], 'they': [66], 'can': [67], 'rationalize': [68], 'only': [71], 'if': [72], 'it': [73, 84], 'viewed': [75], 'as': [76], 'maladaptive': [77], 'behavior': [78], 'whereas': [79], 'suggests': [82], 'an': [86], 'adaptive': [87], 'trait.': [88], 'Thus,': [89], 'we': [90], 'conclude': [91], 'alternative': [93], 'approaches': [95], 'are': [96], 'needed': [97], 'to': [98], 'accounts': [101]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1575518095', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 11}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 4}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-26T17:30:10.912071', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}